[Illustration: THE AURORA BOREALIS IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS.]
A CATECHISM OF FAMILIAR THINGS;
THEIR HISTORY, AND THE EVENTS WHICH LED TO THEIR DISCOVERY.
_WITH A SHORT EXPLANATION OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL_
NATURAL PHENOMENA.
FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES.
Enlarged and Revised Edition.
NEW YORK, CINCINNATI, AND ST. LOUIS: BENZIGER BROTHERS PRINTERS TO THE HOLY APOSTOLIC SEE.
COPYRIGHT, 1881, BY BENZIGER BROTHERS.
PREFACE.
This book, a reprint of a successful English publication, has been so enlarged as to be to all intents and purposes new. It has been carefully revised by a Reverend gentleman, who for some time filled the chair of Physics and Chemistry in one of our colleges.
Recent inventions and improvements are described in a simple, popular style, so as to be easily understood by all, and short notices are given of prominent inventors and scientists. The paragraphs relating to doctrinal matters conform in every respect to the teachings of the Church.
A feature which will commend the book to every teacher is the definitions of difficult words and terms, following the paragraphs in which such words occur.
Technical language is avoided as much as possible, so as to enable young pupils to become familiarly acquainted with the various phenomena of nature, the leading characteristics and general history of the objects of the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms, and the fundamental truths of the arts and sciences.
The illustrations are of a superior order, and a very complete Index, which will be appreciated by every teacher, supplements the book. In a word, no pains have been spared to enhance the value of the work, and render it an important auxiliary in the dissemination of useful and entertaining knowledge.
The publishers beg to acknowledge their obligations to the Sisters of Mercy, Loretto, Pa., to whose kindness they are indebted for many valuable suggestions.
In the hope that the book may be found suited to the accomplishment of its aim, it is respectfully submitted to schools and instructors of youth, who are the best judges of its merits.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I. Dew, Water, Rain, Snow, Hail, Atmosphere, Wind, Lightning, Thunder, Electricity, Twilight, and the Aurora Borealis
II. Corn, Barley, Pearl Barley, Oats, Rye, Potatoes, Tea, Coffee, and Chocolate
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Catechism of Familiar Things; by Anonymous
- 2: Eminent Americans A CATECHISMOFFAMILIAR THINGS
- 3: An imponderable and subtile form of matter
- 4: Does Nature decompose Water in any of her operations
- 5: Rain congealed by cold in the atmosphere
- 6: A yellow transparent substance
- 7: Illustrates electrical repulsion
- 8: Of what nature is the Aurora Borealis
- 9: For what is Barley generally used
- 10: As it flourishes in the northern clime of Pekin
- 11: The cacao nut tree bears leaves
- 12: Long stapled and short stapled
- 13: Tasmania is another of the same group
- 14: How long has the use of Hemp and Flax been known
- 15: Is not the Indian liquor called Toddy
- 16: The Siamese make their cordage of the cocoa tree bark
- 17: The form of the Cochineal is oval
- 18: And most acrid of aromatic substances
- 19: Black bombazine is worn entirely for mourning
- 20: Who died half a century before Aurelian
- 21: Thebes was an ancient city of Beotia
- 22: Cashmere is situated in the north west extremity of India
- 23: A kind of small raisins or dried grapes
- 24: Sugar purified and crystallized
- 25: The Sago Palm also produces sugar
- 26: The Pimento Tree is a West Indian species of Myrtle
- 27: Driven by a storm to the coast of Phenicia
- 28: Before the invention of Earthenware
- 29: Of the stalks and fibres of the papyrus
- 30: Many ages before the time of Eumenes
- 31: This is called virgin parchment
- 32: The flowers of the Seville orange are highly odoriferous
- 33: Where are Florence and Lucca situated
- 34: The Castor oil plant is found growing abundantly in Sumatra
- 35: The fruit of the Tamarind Tree
- 36: Were formerly made of beaver fur
- 37: A city situated between Arabia Felix and Arabia Deserta
- 38: Steeping the skins in an infusion of tan
- 39: Copperas is the name given to green vitriol
- 40: There are several species of this mineral
- 41: What method is used in preparing the Asbestus
- 42: And the mountains of Catalonia
- 43: Charcoal is an artificial fuel
- 44: Copper is the most malleable and ductile of metals
- 45: Calamine is mostly found in barren
- 46: The mango tree is an evergreen
- 47: The inhabitants of Ferro repair
- 48: The peasants of Mount Libanus eat it as others do honey
- 49: The manna directly begins to flow
- 50: Yield a lymph which is plainly mucilaginous
- 51: Similar to that of the loadstone itself
- 52: How is the Hermetic seal formed
- 53: The pendulum was applied by Huygens
- 54: But more commonly among us saltpetre
- 55: A most eminent astronomer and mathematician
- 56: What is the Electro Magnetic Telegraph
- 57: Common household soap of soda and tallow
- 58: The tallow being a white pulp which surrounds it
- 59: Polypus signifies having many feet
- 60: Where is the Coral Insect found
- 61: And all formed of living coral
- 62: What are the properties of Nitrogen or Azote
- 63: It effervesces strongly with an acid
- 64: Parian marble is often mentioned by ancient authors
- 65: The gold of Ophir seems to have been much esteemed
- 66: Is less ductile than some harder metals
- 67: Of a bluish grey color it is so soft and flexible
- 68: Platina being a silver colored metal
- 69: Emitting peculiar light like phosphorus
- 70: The diamond mines of Golconda are now so exhausted
- 71: The turquois is easily imitated
- 72: Which also contains oily substances
- 73: There are two kinds of inlaying
- 74: Tapioca is another kind of starch
- 75: Who appears to have been the first husbandman
- 76: Being called the vinous fermentation
- 77: Gamboge is soluble in either water or spirits of wine
- 78: From which it takes its name of Civet Cat
- 79: The common frankincense is softer
- 80: And dwelt in the land of Sennaar
- 81: Agrippa likewise built the Pantheon at Athens
- 82: To facilitate and despatch business
- 83: It is called granite from its granulous structure
- 84: Of what do Calcareous Earths or Stones consist
- 85: What are the properties of Silex
- 86: During an eruption of Vesuvius
- 87: Seem to have been upheaved by volcanic agency
- 88: And the remains of their obelisks
- 89: Grecian architecture was in its highest glory under Pericles
- 90: Of whom the most eminent were Phidias
- 91: Illustration DISTILLING TURPENTINE
- 92: It has produced sculptors of some eminence
- 93: The first mint was in Philadelphia
- 94: The Phenicians especially those of Tyre
- 95: Being surprised by the Saracens
- 96: In the Adriatic Sea were a great number of marshy islands
- 97: Tuscany is a beautiful and fruitful territory of Italy
- 98: It may be considered as a general maxim
- 99: And instruments of concussion
- 100: Happening to strike his foot against the tortoise
- 101: Catgut is also used by watch makers
- 102: These arts were known in the kingdom of Ethiopia
- 103: Etruria was the ancient name of Tuscany
- 104: Raphael and the celebrated Michael Angelo Buonarotti
- 105: An early poet of the Scandinavians
- 106: The term Astronomy is derived from two Greek words
- 107: What country is meant by Mauritania
- 108: And constituted him his astronomer
- 109: If alphabetical characters had been known
- 110: Cochin China is a country situated in Eastern Asia
- 111: It was sometimes called Alchemy
- 112: What do you mean by decomposition
- 113: The particles lose their cohesion
- 114: Or that between the particles of bodies
- 115: Because the former have a greater specific gravity
- 116: A small coil or bobbin of silk covered copper wire
- 117: Each provided with a megaphone
- 118: What is the Drummond or Lime Light
- 119: Then placed in a camera obscura
- 120: Illustration OPENING THE SUEZ CANAL PROCESSION OF SHIPS
- 121: The electric current decomposes the copper
- 122: In August the lost cable was found and spliced
- 123: A ship canal running across the Isthmus of Suez
- 124: These jetties are projecting dikes of brush
- 125: 66 Analysis and Combination
- 126: A Catechism of Familiar Things; by Anonymous
- 127: 100 Dynamo electric machine
- 128: A Catechism of Familiar Things; by Anonymous
- 129: 181 Jetties of the Mississippi
- 130: A Catechism of Familiar Things; by Anonymous
- 131: A Catechism of Familiar Things; by Anonymous
- 132: A Catechism of Familiar Things; by Anonymous
- 133: 167 United States Government
