An Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evange

Page 1 of 281

Examination of the Testimony

of the

Four Evangelists,

by the Rules of Evidence Administered

Courts of Justice.

With an Account of the Trial of Jesus.

By Simon Greenleaf, LL.D.

Dane Professor of Law in Harvard University

Second Edition

Revised and Corrected by the Author.

London:

A. Maxwell & Son, 32, Bell Yard, Lincoln's Inn;

W. Smith, 113, Fleet Street;

Hodges & Smith, Dublin; T. & J. Clark, Edinburgh.

1847

CONTENTS

Contents And Synopsis Of The Harmony. Advertisement To This Edition. An Examination, Etc. Harmony Of The Gospels. Part I. Events Connected With The Birth And Childhood Of Jesus. Part II. Announcement And Introduction Of Our Lord's Public Ministry. Part III. Our Lord's First Passover, And The Subsequent Transactions Until The Second. Part IV. Our Lord's Second Passover, And The Subsequent Transactions Until The Third. Part V. From Our Lord's Third Passover, Until His Final Departure From Galilee, At The Festival Of Tabernacles. Part VI. The Festival Of Tabernacles And The Subsequent Transactions, Until Our Lord's Arrival At Bethany, Six Days Before The Fourth Passover. Part VII. Our Lord's Public Entry Into Jerusalem, And The Subsequent Transactions Before The Fourth Passover. Part VIII. The Fourth Passover; Our Lord's Passion; And The Accompanying Events Until The End Of The Jewish Sabbath. Part IX. Our Lord's Resurrection, His Subsequent Appearances, And His Ascension. Note On The Resurrection. An Account Of The Trial Of Jesus. The Jewish Account Of The Trial Of Jesus. By Mr. Salvador. The Trial Of Jesus Before Caiaphas And Pilate. Preface. Analysis Of The Chapter Of Mr. Salvador, Entitled "The Administration Of Justice" Among The Jews. Trial Of Jesus. Footnotes

ADVERTISEMENT.

In introducing to the notice of the British Public, Mr. Professor GREENLEAF'S Harmony of the Four Gospels, the publishers have much satisfaction in announcing, that it has become a Standard Work in the United States of America: and its intrinsic value has induced them to make it known, in the hope of promoting its circulation, in this country.

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Table of contents (by pages)

1: An Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evange
2: Greenleaf has doubtless felt this truth
3: Professor Greenleaf on the Gospels
4: To the members of the legal profession
5: 26 38 Nazareth
6: Near Capernaum
7: Near Capernaum
8: Near Capernaum
9: Incidents in Samaria
10: Bethany beyond Jordan
11: 104 105 Jesus receives 19
12: 14 17 Bethany
13: 144 Jesus before 26
14: 138 149 Pilate delivers 27
15: 153 169 The Apostles go 28
16: 64 22 36 65 xv
17: 1 13 99 14 31 100 xvii
18: In examining the evidences of the Christian religion
19: And if the testimony of the Evangelist
20: The abodes of frightful idolatry
21: Coming from the proper repository or custody
22: Upon much weaker evidence of its genuineness
23: That Matthew was himself a native Jew
24: Barnabas taking Mark with him to Cyprus
25: He also omits several things related by Matthew
26: Theophilus was a man of rank in that country
27: But resided chiefly at Ephesus
28: While his omission to repeat what they had already stated
29: Every witness is to be presumed credible
30: Much more is it applicable to the evangelists
31: Until the contrary is shown by an objector
32: Not only by the discrepancies alluded to
33: He does not inform us who made these immutable laws
34: Tallies exactly with every other contemporaneous incident
35: And the great facility of detection
36: In matters of ordinary transaction
37: Had the evangelists been false historians
38: We know both from Tacitus and Josephus
39: Their simplicity and artlessness
40: A certain priest named Zacharias
41: 18 And Zacharias said unto the angel
42: 40 And entered into the house of Zacharias
43: And wrapped him in swaddling clothes
44: 8 And he sent them to Bethlehem
45: 11 And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren
46: The Ministry of John the Baptist
47: And Herod being tetrarch of Galilee
48: 5 Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city
49: This was he of whom I spake
50: Testimony of John the Baptist to Jesus
51: Behold the Lamb of God
52: The Marriage at Cana of Galilee
53: And The Subsequent Transactions Until The Second
54: Our Lord's discourse with Nicodemus
55: We speak that we do know
56: Jesus remains in Judea and baptizes
57: Being reproved by him for Herodias his brother Philip's wife
58: And drank thereof himself
59: And now is
60: Jesus teaches publicly in Galilee
61: In the borders of Zabulon and Napthalim
62: He saw James the son of Zebedee
63: For with authority commandeth he even the unclean spirits
64: 44 And he preached in the synagogues of Galilee
65: And immediately the leprosy departed from him
66: He said unto the sick of the palsy
67: Honoureth not the Father which has sent him
68: That sabbath day through the corn
69: He went into their synagogue
70: And 19 And Judas Iscariot
71: That whosoever is angry with his brother
72: And pray for them which despitefully use you
73: If ye forgive men their trespasses
74: Where moth and rust doth corrupt
75: First cast out the beam out of thine own eye
76: And doeth prophesied in thy name
77: The whosoever shall not be lepers are cleansed
78: But publicans and sinners
79: 45 Thou gavest me no kiss but this woman
80: He fellow doth not cast out hath Beelzebub
81: He casteth out devils through Beelzebub
82: He walketh gone out of a man
83: 38 And when the Pharisee saw it
84: Whosoever shall confess me before men
85: Whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing
86: A sower went forth to unto them in his doctrine
87: With the thou unto them in parables
88: By and by he is ariseth for the word's sake
89: From whence then hath it tares
90: There shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth
91: Let us go over unto the other side of the lake
92: That we may enter into herd of swine
93: 26 And they arrived at the country of the Gadarenes
94: 37 And no man putteth new wine into old bottles
95: And touched the hem of his garment
96: The damsel laughed him to scorn
97: Synagogue and many hearing and Joses
98: 10 Nor scrip for your journey
99: 41 He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet
100: That Herod on his Herodias danced before them
101: I will that Baptist's head in a charger
102: And gave the loaves to his disciples
103: Which remained over before the multitude
104: His disciples went down unto the sea
105: Our Lord's discourse in the Synagogue at Capernaum
106: With not their hands when they eat unwashen hands
107: Honour thy Esaias prophesy of you
108: The daughter of a Syrophenician woman is healed
109: How many How many loaves have ye
110: The Pharisees and Sadducees again require a sign
111: And his coasts of Cesarea Philippi
112: Unto me for thou savourest saying
113: Elias verily cometh first come
114: O faithless and perverse saith
115: And Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit
116: The tribute money miraculously provided
117: If a man have 46 Where their worm dieth not
118: And whosoever shall receive me
119: For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon
120: 18 He that speaketh of himself
121: 47 Then answered them the Pharisees
122: 35 And the servant abideth not in the house for ever
123: He speaketh of his own for he is a liar
124: I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions
125: 16 Therefore said some of the Pharisees
126: He that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold
127: Whose brother Lazarus was sick
128: And the life he that believeth in me
129: The counsel of Caiaphas against Jesus
130: Spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees
131: 13 But when thou makest a feast
132: He calleth together his friends and neighbours
133: How much owest thou unto my lord
134: Until the day that Noe entered into the ark
135: Which were made eunuchs of men and there be eunuchs
136: There Why callest thou me good
137: 29 And Jesus answered and Verily
138: The lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward
139: 33 And they shall scourge him
140: The healing of two blind men near Jericho
141: 2 And behold there was a man named Zaccheus
142: Jesus arrives at Bethany six days before the Passover
143: 33 And as they were loosing the colt
144: And overthrew the money changers
145: The fig tree fig tree withered away
146: Whence 30 The baptism of John
147: Parable of the wicked husbandmen
148: And let it forth to husbandmen
149: We know that thou sayest and teachest rightly
150: 33 Therefore in the resurrection
151: 41 While the Pharisees were gathered together
152: Woes against the Scribes and Pharisees
153: Or the altar that sanctifieth the gift
154: Because that Esaias said again
155: And earthquakes in divers places
156: There had shortened these days
157: And putteth forth yet tender
158: 37 But as the days of Noe 33 Take ye heed
159: Thou deliveredst unto me five talents behold
160: And ye gave me meat I was thirsty
161: 3 Then entered Satan into Judas
162: Go and prepare us the passover
163: The same twelve that dippeth with me in shall betray me
164: The hand of him 21 When Jesus had thus said
165: And likewise his scrip and he that hath no sword
166: And the world seeth me no more
167: Therefore the world hateth you
168: 29 His disciples said unto him
169: 22 And the glory which thou gavest me
170: And findeth them them sleeping
171: 43 And immediately while he Judas
172: Jesus saith unto they said unto him
173: And Peter father in law to Caiaphas
174: Answerest thou which these witness against nothing
175: Answerest thou things they witness against nothing
176: 33 Then Pilate entered into Art thou the King of the Jews
177: Rather release Barabbas unto and destroy Jesus
178: And release unto us Barabbas
179: Jesus is led away to be crucified
180: And 24 And when they had crucified parted his garments
181: And come down destroyest the temple
182: And spunge full of vinegar
183: And 43 Joseph of Arimathea
184: The chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate
185: Bringing the spices sepulchre
186: 9 And returned from the sepulchre
187: And went into village called Emmaus
188: O fools
189: 16 He that believeth and is baptized
190: Thus it 23 Whose soever sins ye remit
191: The Apostles go away into Galilee
192: And taketh bread
193: Respecting the resurrection of Jesus
194: The first notices we have of our Lord's resurrection
195: The message of Zebul to Abimelech
196: As narrated by the other Evangelists
197: That the sepulchre had been rifled
198: Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene
199: Mary Magdalene returns to the city
200: Jesus appears to two disciples on the way to Emmaus
201: It had not happened when they left Jerusalem for Emmaus
202: Our Lord's Appearance in Galilee
203: As having taken place at or near Bethany
204: That he was accused of blasphemy
205: United in the attempt to entrap Jesus
206: Nor in any name but that of Jehovah
207: Expressly acknowledged at the time
208: Was first brought before the great tribunal of the Sanhedrim
209: Under the charge of Pilate as Vice Praeses
210: Either of acquittal or of condemnation
211: In his tract on the Trial of Jesus before the Sanhedrim
212: According to the 2nd verse of the 23rd chapter
213: Caiaphas rent his garments in token of horror
214: Jesus was brought before Pilate
215: Dupin would give some account of it
216: Say the doctors Tyrphon and Akiba
217: If a majority of votes acquitted
218: But he who had once acquitted was not allowed to condemn
219: Salvador has let us clearly understand his
220: How often did he weep for Jerusalem
221: Ut Jesum DOLO tenerent et OCCIDERENT
222: And even by a relative of Malchus
223: Caiaphas interrogates him respecting general facts
224: And bare false witness against him
225: Salvador On the Administration of Justice
226: Salvador there present himself
227: Some have considered Pilate as governor
228: The accusation made before pilate
229: Only some hours before presenting themselves to Pilate
230: Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall
231: Added He stirreth up the people
232: That he should rather release Barabbas unto them
233: That the Roman Pilate signed the sentence
234: Ut non alius fere sit aditus ad regnum hominus
235: See the cases cited in 1 Greenleaf on Evidence ? 142
236: Accidentally killed the keeper
237: 44 This account is abridged from Horne's Introd
238: After the battle of Aumale
239: Upon the testimony of others
240: We are bound to disbelieve them all
241: The more extraordinary the fact attested
242: The theory of Laplace may
243: Campbell's Dissertation on Miracles
244: For the value of which we are indebted to Josephus
245: Just as the first begins apo Abraham
246: Between Josiah and Jechoniah in v
247: Jair is called the son descendant of Manasseh
248: One who went up with Zorobabel
249: And the others make no mention of Nathanael
250: Of full proof that he was the Messiah
251: And Abiathar succeeded him in that office
252: Is the same with Zelotes in Luke
253: 144 It may be objected that Matthew
254: Luke omits the former circumstance
255: If Gergasa was subordinate to Gadara
256: Gratuitously states that Philip was of Bethsaida
257: And depart for Capernaum
258: And contemporaneous declarations
259: The law rejects oral testimony of what the parties said
260: 184 Matthew was not only a Jew himself
261: After the discourse recorded in ? 74
262: In settling the provincial government of Judea
263: The Jews knew not whence Jesus came
264: With accusations against Archelaus
265: When Jehu was anointed King by Elisha the prophet
266: And gave his own habit to the nazar
267: Before the eating of the paschal lamb
268: Covenants were always made with particular formalities
269: Was termed the testament per aes et libram
270: Tanquam demissiones sanguinis Tremellius
271: This occasioned a more vehement denial than before
272: Now it appears from Josephus
273: One Evangelist is sometimes distinct
274: The malefactor about to be crucified
275: And not by the other Evangelists
276: When he blasphemeth the name of the Lord
277: Mos discendarum vestium probatur ex 2do Regum
278: Dissertatio de injusto Pilati judicio
279: Were no other than the legal militia
280: Partisans of the house of Herod
281: INTERFICERE Feras interficere