Produced by Keith G Richardson
EXAMINATION
OF
EDWARDS ON THE WILL.
AN EXAMINATION
OF
PRESIDENT EDWARDS' INQUIRY
INTO THE
FREEDOM OF THE WILL.
BY
ALBERT TAYLOR BLEDSOE.
"Man, as the minister and interpreter of nature, does and understands as much as his observations on the order of nature, either with regard to things or the mind, permit him, and neither knows more, nor is capable of more."--_Novum Organum_.
PHILADELPHIA:
H. HOOKER, 16 SOUTH SEVENTH STREET.
1845.
ENTERED, according to act of Congress, in the year 1845, by H. HOOKER, in the clerk's office of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
King & Baird, Printers, 9 George St.
TO
THE REV. WILLIAM SPARROW, D. D.
AS A TOKEN
OF ADMIRATION FOR HIS GENIUS,
AND
AFFECTIONATE REGARD FOR HIS VIRTUES,
This little Volume
IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,
BY THE AUTHOR.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
SECTION I. OF THE POINT IN CONTROVERSY
SECTION II. OF EDWARDS' USE OF THE TERM CAUSE
SECTION III. THE INQUIRY INVOLVED IN A VICIOUS CIRCLE
SECTION IV. VOLITION NOT AN EFFECT
SECTION V. OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF REGARDING VOLITION AS AN EFFECT
SECTION VI. OF THE MAXIM THAT EVERY EFFECT MUST HAVE A CAUSE
SECTION VII. OF THE APPLICATION OF THE MAXIM THAT EVERY EFFECT MUST HAVE A CAUSE
SECTION VIII. OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE FEELINGS AND THE WILL
SECTION IX. OF THE LIBERTY OF INDIFFERENCE
SECTION X. OF ACTION AND PASSION
SECTION XI. OF THE ARGUMENT FROM THE FOREKNOWLEDGE OF GOD
SECTION XII. OF EDWARDS' USE OF THE TERM NECESSITY
SECTION XIII. OF NATURAL AND MORAL NECESSITY
SECTION XIV. OF EDWARDS' IDEA OF LIBERTY
SECTION XV. OF EDWARDS' IDEA OF VIRTUE
SECTION XVI. OF THE SELF-DETERMINING POWER
SECTION XVII. OF THE DEFINITION OF A FREE-AGENT
SECTION XVIII. OF THE TESTIMONY OF CONSCIOUSNESS
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
I ENTERED upon an examination of the "Inquiry" of President Edwards, not with a view to find any fallacy therein, but simply with a desire to ascertain the truth for myself. If I have come to the conclusion, that the whole scheme of moral necessity which Edwards has laboured to establish, is founded in error and delusion; this has not been because I came to the examination of his work with any preconceived opinion. In coming to this conclusion I have disputed every inch of the ground with myself, as firmly and as resolutely as I could have done with an adversary. The result has been, that the views which I now entertain, in regard to the philosophy of the will, are widely different from those usually held by the opponents of moral necessity, as well as from those which are maintained by its advocates.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: An Examination of President Edwards' Inquiry into
- 2: The advocates of free agency have granted too much
- 3: Is the conclusion to which I have been constrained to come
- 4: Why our volitions are put forth or come into existence
- 5: Whatever causes a volition to exist
- 6: Or producing cause of volition
- 7: Or producing cause of volition
- 8: Included every conceivable cause of volition
- 9: Or producing cause of volition
- 10: That motive is merely the antecedent to volition
- 11: Or any truth in the definition of the Edwardses
- 12: And the corresponding volition
- 13: Which have a tendency to volition
- 14: The will is determined by the strongest motive
- 15: That the will is always determined by the strongest motive
- 16: Is only to advance the insignificant truism
- 17: And no volition follows thereupon
- 18: Of course a volition is an effect
- 19: If a volition is such an effect
- 20: By admitting that the soul exerts its own volitions
- 21: That bubbling fountain of volitions
- 22: We cannot ascribe a volition to the mind as its cause
- 23: Terminating in the volition of Deity
- 24: But human volitions all begin in time
- 25: That a cause necessarily implies its effect
- 26: That no necessitarian of the present day
- 27: Pore long enough on those axioms
- 28: As well as of other necessitarians
- 29: In the whole armory of the necessitarian
- 30: The necessitarian takes higher ground than this
- 31: The volition is the antecedent
- 32: We should infer the existence of the same antecedent
- 33: Lies the error of the necessitarian
- 34: We do not look beyond that which is uncaused
- 35: It intervenes between the external object and volition
- 36: Universally conceded to the necessitarian
- 37: Act efficiently upon our volitions
- 38: That they tend to produce volition
- 39: Reid boldly deduces from the principle
- 40: And not the power of volition itself
- 41: That our passive impressions often become weaker and weaker
- 42: Should be called the passive susceptibilities
- 43: To this the necessitarian replies
- 44: Demolishes the doctrine of indifference
- 45: By reducing the one to an insignificant truism
- 46: Previous to the time of Galileo
- 47: Whewell admits the law in question to be a truth
- 48: But for the logic of the necessitarian
- 49: But the mind is not passive in volition
- 50: What does it signify to tell us
- 51: We are not passive in regard to volition
- 52: Is very different from producing a volition
- 53: A volition is an emotion or feeling
- 54: The language of the necessitarian
- 55: The necessitarian can make his point good
- 56: Or deny the foreknowledge of God
- 57: But is this indissoluble connexion
- 58: And the last an axiomatical necessity
- 59: To assert that a thing is foreknown
- 60: He certainly and infallibly foreknows it
- 61: Before they are certainly foreknown
- 62: That there are some things which he could not foreknow
- 63: Whether they are foreknown or not
- 64: It proves an axiomatical and a logical necessity
- 65: The necessitarian pursues the opposite course
- 66: May have a real and certain connexion consequentially
- 67: The connexion is necessary and absolute
- 68: That a certain volition is foreknown
- 69: By a preceding act of volition
- 70: That a volition is necessary as to all causes
- 71: That an act of volition is necessary
- 72: Is inconsistent with necessity
- 73: But they have proceeded on the supposition
- 74: Is choice not produced by choice
- 75: As they are viewed by the necessitarian
- 76: And the attempts of the necessitarian to show it
- 77: Let him conceive of a volition
- 78: Through the ambiguities of language
- 79: Presupposes the existence of a will
- 80: In the possession of his volition
- 81: Because the banks are impediments
- 82: That we can choose without choosing
- 83: The very phantom which atheists
- 84: Then his dispositions were vicious
- 85: Or virtuous disposition of mind
- 86: Is not an implanted principle at all
- 87: Which are termed virtuous or vicious
- 88: It can cause a volition only by a prior volition
- 89: He has done so with perfect propriety
- 90: If the causative act is a volition
- 91: According to the necessitarian
- 92: Has volition an efficient cause
- 93: If volition is produced by circumstances
- 94: We are informed that a volition
- 95: That Edwards became a necessitarian
- 96: This appeal is not declined by the necessitarian
- 97: That volition is a produced effect
- 98: That volition is a produced effect
- 99: By the application of a similar truism
