[Illustration: SCHWIND, _The Dream of the Prisoner_
See page 109 for analysis]
A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis
BY PROF. SIGMUND FREUD, LL.D.
AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION WITH A PREFACE
BY G. STANLEY HALL PRESIDENT, CLARK UNIVERSITY
HORACE LIVERIGHT PUBLISHER NEW YORK
Published, 1920, by HORACE LIVERIGHT, INC.
_Printed in the United States of America_
COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY EDWARD L. BERNAYS
PREFACE
Few, especially in this country, realize that while Freudian themes have rarely found a place on the programs of the American Psychological Association, they have attracted great and growing attention and found frequent elaboration by students of literature, history, biography, sociology, morals and aesthetics, anthropology, education, and religion. They have given the world a new conception of both infancy and adolescence, and shed much new light upon characterology; given us a new and clearer view of sleep, dreams, reveries, and revealed hitherto unknown mental mechanisms common to normal and pathological states and processes, showing that the law of causation extends to the most incoherent acts and even verbigerations in insanity; gone far to clear up the _terra incognita_ of hysteria; taught us to recognize morbid symptoms, often neurotic and psychotic in their germ; revealed the operations of the primitive mind so overlaid and repressed that we had almost lost sight of them; fashioned and used the key of symbolism to unlock many mysticisms of the past; and in addition to all this, affected thousands of cures, established a new prophylaxis, and suggested new tests for character, disposition, and ability, in all combining the practical and theoretic to a degree salutary as it is rare.
These twenty-eight lectures to laymen are elementary and almost conversational. Freud sets forth with a frankness almost startling the difficulties and limitations of psychoanalysis, and also describes its main methods and results as only a master and originator of a new school of thought can do. These discourses are at the same time simple and almost confidential, and they trace and sum up the results of thirty years of devoted and painstaking research. While they are not at all controversial, we incidentally see in a clearer light the distinctions between the master and some of his distinguished pupils. A text like this is the most opportune and will naturally more or less supersede all other introductions to the general subject of psychoanalysis. It presents the author in a new light, as an effective and successful popularizer, and is certain to be welcomed not only by the large and growing number of students of psychoanalysis in this country but by the yet larger number of those who wish to begin its study here and elsewhere.
The impartial student of Sigmund Freud need not agree with all his conclusions, and indeed, like the present writer, may be unable to make sex so all-dominating a factor in the psychic life of the past and present as Freud deems it to be, to recognize the fact that he is the most original and creative mind in psychology of our generation. Despite the frightful handicap of the _odium sexicum_, far more formidable today than the _odium theologicum_, involving as it has done for him lack of academic recognition and even more or less social ostracism, his views have attracted and inspired a brilliant group of minds not only in psychiatry but in many other fields, who have altogether given the world of culture more new and pregnant _appercus_ than those which have come from any other source within the wide domain of humanism.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis by Freud
- 2: A former student and disciple of Wundt
- 3: The Psychology of Errors PAGEPREFACE G
- 4: I treat you as I treat these neurotic patients
- 5: Everything is different in psychoanalysis
- 6: You will get to know psychoanalysis
- 7: Here is the gap which psychoanalysis aims to fill
- 8: But with this assertion psychoanalysis has alienated
- 9: Society thus brands what is unpleasant as untrue
- 10: Then we will be willing to consider psychoanalysis seriously
- 11: Caused either by organic or psychic factors
- 12: But if automatic playing increased the likelihood of errors
- 13: Meringer and Mayer cite the following A man says
- 14: The product of the slip also makes sense
- 15: Or meaningful only in very rare cases
- 16: It occurs in the Merchant of Venice
- 17: You all know the clever satires of Lichtenberg 1742 1749
- 18: Which are in sharpest opposition to our expectations
- 19: In the case of the distortion of names
- 20: And was newly added by psychoanalysis
- 21: The association stimuli were absent
- 22: Your resistance to psychoanalysis also raises its head
- 23: Science has but few apodeictic precepts in its catechism
- 24: Has not squared himself with his protege
- 25: That of losing and mislaying objects
- 26: A gold medal of ancient origin
- 27: Some of the Omina really were nothing more than mistakes
- 28: I cannot believe in such a basis
- 29: And the other the interfering intention
- 30: In the case of the slip refilled
- 31: The mechanism of the tongue slip
- 32: We seek a dynamic conception of psychic phenomena
- 33: Anyone pronounces a long vowel as a short
- 34: But if the latter make an exception and reread the letter
- 35: There are other types of misreadings
- 36: The antipathy which we inferred
- 37: The psychic flight from unpleasantness
- 38: One loses an object when it has become damaged
- 39: By means of a cautious opening of the valve
- 40: But the dream itself is also a neurotic symptom
- 41: He ordered the attack and took Tyrus
- 42: One can be awakened by a dream
- 43: To the intra uterine existence
- 44: One experiences them predominantly in visual images
- 45: But in that case as the psyche nears the waking state
- 46: Winding corridors as intestinal stimuli
- 47: But there are some that are meaningful
- 48: One knows that it is a phantasy
- 49: More gentle Da sind dinge zum vorschein gekommen
- 50: Announce a General Introduction to Psychoanalysis
- 51: Is a normal counterpart of hypnotism
- 52: Quite different from cogitation
- 53: No further association was necessary
- 54: The Zurich School under the leadership of Bleuler and Jung
- 55: And this Hedwig belonged to former times
- 56: Unconscious for the time being
- 57: The dreamer promises to obey this rule
- 58: Have suffered slight distortion
- 59: He intends to express that they too are Tischler
- 60: The manifest content of the dream
- 61: Her husband tells her that Elise L
- 62: Or a latent element represented by several manifest elements
- 63: He had heard that Hallstatt lay at the foot of the Dachstein
- 64: A longing or an unfulfilled desire
- 65: This is open partisanship on the part of colloquial usage
- 66: Who is entirely ignorant of the claims of psychoanalysis
- 67: Under the influence of sexual stimuli
- 68: It proves to be an hallucinated wish fulfillment
- 69: Were also sacrifices to a censorship
- 70: This regrouping of the elements of the content
- 71: The pleasure striving the libido
- 72: Either the dream is no psychic phenomenon after all
- 73: I show you not only the censored evil dream wishes
- 74: This new addition to dream distortion
- 75: It is a supplement to the associative technique
- 76: As was recognized by Scherner who
- 77: Their symbols extraordinarily profuse
- 78: Many symbols represent a genital in general
- 79: Perhaps not always the genital aspect
- 80: Not alone have all land mammals
- 81: The flame is always the male genital
- 82: The pig is an ancient symbol of fertility
- 83: Is the representation of onanism
- 84: Upon psychoanalytic investigation
- 85: In addition to dream censorship
- 86: Certain latent elements are entirely omitted
- 87: But censorship undoubtedly has a share in the process
- 88: Not representable in themselves
- 89: Ken originally meant both strong and weak
- 90: Besides there are inversions of situations
- 91: But are generally parts of the latent dream thought
- 92: Impossible of complete analysis
- 93: Then it is natural to interpolate an if
- 94: The most pleasant means might have been the Dachshund
- 95: His excessive sexual activity during puberty
- 96: Again a little bit of symbolism
- 97: When lecturing on psychoanalysis
- 98: He asks the object and function of the genitals
- 99: Also extinguishes the lamps in other words
- 100: The insane man murdered his fellow passenger
- 101: A further archaic tendency of the dream
- 102: If such relationship was always of the same character
- 103: Egoism has taught the child to love
- 104: It is seldom that the enmity alone controls the relationship
- 105: It is interesting that this Oedipus complex
- 106: The incest avoidance would be automatically assured
- 107: Since the dream regresses to this stage
- 108: Through childish psychic stimuli and mechanics
- 109: And wishes she had a couple of such sausages
- 110: Of the results due to a slackening of the censorship
- 111: The empty parquet is a reference to it
- 112: And maintain that the dream is always only a fulfilled wish
- 113: From the appreciation of the latent dream thoughts
- 114: Behind which the latent dream thoughts still hide
- 115: Or the entrepreneur may have the capital
- 116: Despite our close adherence to technique
- 117: Subject to such indefiniteness and ambiguities
- 118: For our purposes of comparison
- 119: This is what the dream censor aims to do
- 120: The unintentional dream joke has
- 121: There have been assertions made which
- 122: And thereby to confirm all the hypotheses of psychoanalysis
- 123: But neuroses are foreign to you
- 124: And never omits to close both the doors with care
- 125: Side by side with this small analysis of a symptomatic act
- 126: The symptomatic act seems no great matter
- 127: In what types of persons are obsessions liable to occur
- 128: She knew nothing of this infatuation
- 129: It is the psychiatrists who oppose psychoanalysis
- 130: Can psychoanalysis perhaps do so
- 131: Of these the compulsion neurosis
- 132: Psychiatry gives names to the various forms of compulsion
- 133: The following strange compulsive act
- 134: The purpose of the compulsive act
- 135: But the pathological ritual is rigid
- 136: The special fear of our patient
- 137: Why did this pillow have to be placed so as to form a rhomb
- 138: Interpretation and translation of neurotic symptoms
- 139: Other regularly recurring features of neurosis
- 140: The traumatic experience is one which
- 141: Every neurosis contains such a fixation
- 142: An irrefutable proof of the necessity for their assumption
- 143: A way to make symptoms disappear
- 144: Those about the meaning of symptoms
- 145: His amnesias must be abolished
- 146: And not a general trait of the neuroses
- 147: From the technique of interpreting dreams
- 148: In those patients who suffer from compulsion neuroses
- 149: Within the limits of the analysis
- 150: But similarly to the doubt in the compulsion neurosis
- 151: If such a process remained unconscious
- 152: The watchman on the threshold between the two
- 153: These stimuli were able to build the latent dream
- 154: Holds good for the three transference neuroses
- 155: While in the compulsion neuroses the negative
- 156: The attainment of sexual excitement
- 157: Replaced the genitals by another organ or part of the body
- 158: Though this cannot be ascribed directly to homosexuality
- 159: Among the many symptoms manifested in compulsion neurosis
- 160: But keep in mind this consideration
- 161: The period preparatory to puberty
- 162: The erogenous zones are not equally satisfactory
- 163: Among these organs the genitals speedily predominate
- 164: The clitoris of the girl is the equivalent of the penis
- 165: The sexual perversions of adults
- 166: What makes the perverse activity unmistakably sexual
- 167: Which is localized in the genitals
- 168: Prior to the advent of psychoanalysis
- 169: Back of the sadistico anal phase of libido development
- 170: The oral impulse becomes auto erotic
- 171: You all know the Greek myth of King Oedipus
- 172: Show us concerning the Oedipus complex
- 173: Which are not influenced by the analysis
- 174: Incest with his mother is one of the sins of Oedipus
- 175: Incestuous and murderous dreams
- 176: In the case of a number of male individuals
- 177: And correspondingly show new kinds of regression
- 178: But merely that in all cases known of neurosis
- 179: Libido fixation and self denial
- 180: The so called adhesiveness of the libido
- 181: Psychoanalysis never forgot that non sexual impulses exist
- 182: She will renounce the gratification of onanism
- 183: The libido shows its phylogenetic origin most readily
- 184: This educated ego has become reasonable
- 185: And cure means removal of symptoms
- 186: The suppression is side tracked and the libido
- 187: The libido again returns to them
- 188: The neuroses of children are very frequent
- 189: Which childhood prophylaxis can yield is most dubious
- 190: If they were regularly falsified
- 191: The neglect to keep fact distinct from phantasy
- 192: Whence comes the need for these phantasies
- 193: How does the libido find its way to these points of fixation
- 194: An introvert is not yet a neurotic
- 195: You had grasped something of the causation of neurosis
- 196: A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis
- 197: The so called narcistic neuroses
- 198: By having recourse to neurosis
- 199: Would suffer from a true neurosis
- 200: But arise in its own metabolism
- 201: The problems of the true neuroses
- 202: They say the medulla oblongata is irritated
- 203: Certainly something very complex
- 204: And therefore did not experience birth itself
- 205: And frequently very peculiar phobias
- 206: So frequently causes the anxiety neurosis in men
- 207: When the production of libido is materially heightened
- 208: Which represents flight of the ego before the libido
- 209: This characteristic feature origin from unemployed libido
- 210: Which are grouped with the anxiety hysterias
- 211: Is the immediate fate of suppressed libido
- 212: Is of little importance for psychoanalysis
- 213: What happens to the libido of the demented
- 214: The libidinous as well as the egoistic
- 215: Sexual instincts and ego instincts
- 216: Or between libido and interest
- 217: In narcistic neuroses the resistance is insuperable
- 218: Expresses the transformation of libidinous impulse into fear
- 219: We have been accustomed to designate as ambivalence
- 220: We learn that in melancholia as well as in mania
- 221: We have said that the relation between fear and the libido
- 222: Our therapy is too long drawn out
- 223: Only the minority of pathogenic situations of forbearance
- 224: Our psychic therapy interposes elsewhere
- 225: Conditions of anxiety and compulsion neuroses
- 226: But those suffering from paranoia
- 227: Which the patient has transferred to the physician
- 228: Some women understand how to sublimate the transference
- 229: Anxiety and compulsion neuroses
- 230: But Bernheim could never define suggestion or its origin
- 231: Anxiety and compulsion neuroses
- 232: Hypnotic therapy leaves the patient inactive and unchanged
- 233: In psychoanalysis we work with the transference itself
- 234: The full strength of the libido
- 235: And to what objects the libido
- 236: Despite their foundation in constitutional disposition
- 237: External resistances to psychoanalysis
- 238: Every psychoanalyst cannot do this
- 239: 344Archaic remnants and infantilism in the dream
- 240: 169Definition of psychoanalysis
- 241: Defense against unpleasant recollections
- 242: Difference between the symptoms of
- 243: 220Psychoanalytic conception of neurotic manifestations
- 244: 255 257 Technique in dream interpretation
- 245: Rueckhaltos means unreservedly
- 246: Connetable schickt sein Schwert zurueck
- 247: 39 There are fagots and fagots
