Transcriber's notes:
Greek words in this text have been transliterated and placed between +marks+.
Words in italics are surrounded with underscores.
A list of corrections made is at the end of the text.
The American Church History Series
Consisting of a Series of Denominational Histories Published Under the Auspices of the American Society of Church History
General Editors
REV. PHILIP SCHAFF, D. D., LL. D. RT. REV. H. C. POTTER, D. D., LL. D. REV GEO. P. FISHER, D. D., LL. D. BISHOP JOHN F. HURST, D. D., LL. D. REV. E. J. WOLF, D. D. HENRY C. VEDDER, M. A. REV. SAMUEL M. JACKSON, D. D., LL. D.
Volume XIII
American Church History
A HISTORY OF AMERICAN CHRISTIANITY
by
LEONARD WOOLSEY BACON
New York The Christian Literature Co. MDCCCXCVII Copyright, 1897, by The Christian Literature Co.
CONTENTS.
PAGE CHAP. I.--PROVIDENTIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA 1-5
Purpose of the long concealment of America, 1. A medieval church in America, 2. Revival of the Catholic Church, 3, especially in Spain, 4, 5.
CHAP. II.--SPANISH CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA 6-15
Vastness and swiftness of the Spanish conquests, 6. Conversion by the sword, 7. Rapid success and sudden downfall of missions in Florida, 9. The like story in New Mexico, 12, and in California, 14.
CHAP. III.--FRENCH CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA 16-29
Magnificence of the French scheme of western empire, 16. Superior dignity of the French missions, 19. Swift expansion of them, 20. Collision with the English colonies, and triumph of France, 21. Sudden and complete failure of the French church, 23. Causes of failure: (1) Dependence on royal patronage, 24. (2) Implication in Indian feuds, 25. (3) Instability of Jesuit efforts, 26. (4) Scantiness of French population, 27. Political aspect of French missions, 28. Recent French Catholic immigration, 29.
CHAP. IV.--ANTECEDENTS OF PERMANENT CHRISTIAN COLONIZATION 30-37
Controversies and parties in Europe, 31, and especially in England, 32. Disintegration of Christendom, 34. New experiment of church life, 35. Persecutions promote emigration, 36, 37.
CHAP. V.--PURITAN BEGINNINGS OF THE CHURCH IN VIRGINIA 38-53
The Rev. Robert Hunt, chaplain to the Virginia colony, 38. Base quality of the emigration, 39. Assiduity in religious duties, 41. Rev. Richard Buck, chaplain, 42. Strict Puritan regime of Sir T. Dale and Rev. A. Whitaker, 43. Brightening prospects extinguished by massacre, 48. Dissolution of the Puritan "Virginia Company" by the king, 48. Puritan ministers silenced by the royal governor, Berkeley, 49. The governor's chaplain, Harrison, is converted to Puritan principles, 49. Visit of the Rev. Patrick Copland, 50. Degradation of church and clergy, 51. Commissary Blair attempts reform, 52. Huguenots and Scotch-Irish, 53.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A History of American Christianity by Bacon
- 2: Quaker reaction from Puritanism
- 3: Whitefield in New England
- 4: Antislavery activity of the church
- 5: Schism acceptable to politicians
- 6: That the manifestations of fanaticism were most shocking
- 7: Spanish conquest the propagation
- 8: In like manner the Spanish nation
- 9: Under the direction of thirty five Franciscan missionaries
- 10: The Indian population dwindled
- 11: Seventy years from the Spanish occupancy
- 12: Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico
- 13: The Mississippi had been discovered and explored
- 14: 23 3 The French colonies from Canada
- 15: Subsisting upon the strength of the great monarchy
- 16: The population of Canada in 1759
- 17: The missionary became frequently
- 18: 28 1 Encyclopaedia Britannica
- 19: In the next generation of Reformers
- 20: Had brought with them an augmented spiritual faith
- 21: From toleration to mutual respect
- 22: In the early years of the seventeenth century
- 23: Carrying more than five hundred emigrants
- 24: Lord de la Warr landed at the fort
- 25: One of whom held the manor of Scrooby
- 26: With Dale was associated as chaplain Alexander Whitaker
- 27: Whereupon Harrison crossed the river to Nansemond
- 28: One of the banished Puritans of Nansemond
- 29: Threads of Maryland Colonial History
- 30: Baltimore suggested a mitigated form of the oath
- 31: Brothers of the lord proprietor
- 32: That the Calverts made overtures
- 33: And Maryland became a royal colony
- 34: The Huguenot enterprise at Beaufort
- 35: The Church of England was established in name
- 36: Maryland in American Commonwealths
- 37: Gave a grateful welcome to Jonas Michaelius
- 38: Under his travestied name of Megapolensis
- 39: Reached Amsterdam and laid the case before the Company
- 40: But this was an evil common to many of the colonies
- 41: Campanius preached the gospel of peace in two languages
- 42: The Swedish language ceased to be spoken
- 43: And seemingly content to dwindle
- 44: Its censoriousness and intolerance
- 45: In peril from greedy speculators and malignant politicians
- 46: Under the social compact theory
- 47: Planted in the soil of Plymouth
- 48: Was the honest Separatist minister
- 49: 'between the unconformable ministers and you
- 50: Gave them no authority in the church of God in Salem
- 51: A settlement on a distant shore
- 52: Who had undertaken to emigrate
- 53: Was a very malignant among Separatists
- 54: The disproportions of the Calvinistic system
- 55: With a homogeneous and mutually congenial population
- 56: With great amplitude by Palfrey
- 57: The middle colonies the jerseys
- 58: By 1681 there had come fourteen hundred
- 59: That his light lighteth every man who cometh into the world
- 60: Four years before his coming to Pennsylvania
- 61: And heir to its venerable edifices and its good will
- 62: And that of the Lutheran Church from 1760
- 63: First at London and afterward on a visit to Herrnhut
- 64: The Wesleys and Bishop Nitschmann
- 65: See The Making of Pennsylvania
- 66: See American Church History Series
- 67: At the point of time which we have assumed 1730
- 68: Arriving in New England in 1702
- 69: And largely in Connecticut also
- 70: The arrest and imprisonment of Makemie in 1706
- 71: There were considerable Quaker communities
- 72: West Jersey was predominantly Quaker
- 73: Twenty miles north of Philadelphia
- 74: By acrimonious and sometimes bloody sectarian conflicts
- 75: And the vestries of the Virginia parishes
- 76: The earliest companies of Jesuit missionaries
- 77: Or captivity should ever be in the colony
- 78: 143 2 Religion gave birth to wealth
- 79: Was forty seven ministers Thompson
- 80: As an undergraduate of Yale College
- 81: And husbands over their wives
- 82: When there was a remarkable revival at Newark
- 83: He was the eldest of the four sons whom William Tennent
- 84: At last the embargo was raised
- 85: Soon after the departure of Whitefield
- 86: And Doddridge pronounced him an honest man
- 87: In the frenzy of poor James Davenport
- 88: But by strenuous and useful evangelizing
- 89: Ranging the continent literally from Georgia to Maine
- 90: 179 1 An incident of the revival
- 91: Endowed in part with funds gathered by Occum in England
- 92: 173 1 See the autobiographical narrative in Tracy
- 93: And opened it at the Fifty first Psalm
- 94: The Scotch Irish immigration kept gathering volume and force
- 95: Not from the Rhenish Palatinate only
- 96: His office of bishop in the ancient Moravian church
- 97: Leaving it in charge of Muehlenberg
- 98: The Moravian settlements multiplied at distant points
- 99: Schlatter and some of the Reformed Christians
- 100: The greater part of those on the Lutheran side
- 101: Two of Wesley's itinerant preachers
- 102: The preachers reporting were 19
- 103: Served by about 70 itinerant preachers
- 104: In behalf of the American Episcopalians
- 105: Edwards had perished in a massacre at Stockbridge
- 106: As the Congregationalists and the Baptists
- 107: Even in matters confessedly variable and unessential
- 108: There were the Scotch nonjuring bishops
- 109: Presented by the prefect apostolic in 1785
- 110: But after much irritation between priesthood and people
- 111: Contrary to the strong objections of Wesley and Asbury
- 112: As colleague with Francis Asbury
- 113: It was at the South that the Baptists
- 114: Was the Arminianism of John Wesley
- 115: And Universalists are Unitarians
- 116: A reduced copy of the great Wesleyan institution
- 117: FOOTNOTES 210 1 Quoted in Tiffany
- 118: In 1796 a Presbyterian minister
- 119: Fervent praise and thanksgiving
- 120: But may safely accept his testimony
- 121: Were customary concomitants of the revival preaching
- 122: The revival gave rise to two new sects
- 123: This place of honor belongs to Timothy Dwight
- 124: 233 1 Autobiography of Peter Cartwright
- 125: 243 2 Autobiography of Lyman Beecher
- 126: Was own son in the faith to David Brainerd
- 127: An avowed and representative Unitarian
- 128: And the Unitarian seminary at Cambridge
- 129: To the widespread Baptist fellowship this sudden
- 130: In cooeperation with an earnest philanthropist
- 131: Sectarian organizations for the like objects
- 132: The American Missionary Association
- 133: Dueling is a great national sin
- 134: Manufactured by Cherokee hands
- 135: And the lottery tickets distributed among the white voters
- 136: The arguments against the Missouri bill
- 137: The annual antislavery address at Park Street Church
- 138: It was also republished at Richmond
- 139: No communion with slave holders
- 140: A servile insurrection in Virginia
- 141: 'Great is Diana of the Ephesians
- 142: 282 1 Of course the antislavery societies which
- 143: Commercial houses competed for southern business
- 144: All abusive and mischievous sales of liquor
- 145: To be addressed by reformed drunkards
- 146: 270 1 Deliverance of General Assembly
- 147: On Abolition in the South before 1828
- 148: A decade of controversies and schisms
- 149: There was the consistent Calvinism
- 150: When the four exscinded synods
- 151: To which Professor Norton issued a rejoinder
- 152: Not within the Unitarian fellowship
- 153: In 1843 an antislavery secession took place
- 154: In the person of Bishop Hobart it had now a bold
- 155: In the Episcopal Church itself they were disclaimed
- 156: There are no schisms in the church
- 157: Which is known to Catholic writers as trusteeism
- 158: The Titus Oates of the American no popery panic
- 159: The historian of the Southern Presbyterians
- 160: At the taking of the first census of the United States
- 161: But in the height of the Irish exodus
- 162: Irish immigrants began to decrease
- 163: In case a single church was attacked
- 164: But to the heretical Samaritan
- 165: Only through polemic literature and history
- 166: With no imposing combination of forces
- 167: The Catholic advance in America has not been
- 168: One the most solidly organized of the Protestant sects
- 169: But the solemn pretensions to divine revelation
- 170: In the year 1843 culminated the panic agitation of Millerism
- 171: Estimated the actual spiritualists in America at 1
- 172: I cannot talk buncombe to anybody
- 173: Part of the Compromise of 1850
- 174: Were themes of social conversation
- 175: Patient and considerate toward its southern presbyteries
- 176: There was wider diversity of opinion
- 177: Especially in foreign missions
- 178: Which followed the Syllabus after a few years
- 179: The southern dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Church
- 180: Of having no southern membership
- 181: This work of the Congregationalists is entitled to mention
- 182: The era following the war was preeminently a building era
- 183: Rising to forty three billions
- 184: Is that which is suggested by the name Chautauqua
- 185: Women's crusades were undertaken
- 186: Andrew's Brotherhoods for Episcopalians
- 187: Contemporary currents of theological thought
- 188: A Sabbath of revelry and debauch
- 189: 369 2 Congregationalist Handbook for 1897
- 190: And the man a fervid Christian
- 191: Created out of nothing the study of biblical geography
- 192: That Princeton has never originated a new idea
- 193: Aside from local and sectarian histories
- 194: Such as Lyman and Edward Beecher
- 195: 387 2 and added a brief selection of hymns
- 196: Or the Presbyterian Liturgies Historical Sketches
- 197: And variously sung in various congregations
- 198: Which are taken chiefly from some two or three sects
- 199: But from men of superior culture
- 200: As is presented in a modern hymn book
- 201: In La Bulle Quanta Cura et la Civilisation Moderne
- 202: The divergence is not less impressive
- 203: The starting of schism is easy and quick
- 204: Of these multitudinous rival sects
- 205: To have had voluntary societies for the sectarian work
- 206: On the part of watchful guardians of sectarian interests
- 207: The first Ecumenical Methodist Conference
- 208: The seventeen Methodist bodies
- 209: By the consciousness that the sect is a very great sect
- 210: But the jangle of discord was not there
- 211: A bigoted church or a fierce sectarian is despised Dr
- 212: 413 1 Schaff Herzog Encyclopedia
- 213: French occupation and missions
- 214: A History of American Christianity by Bacon
- 215: Conservatism of American churches
- 216: Reconstruction after Civil War
- 217: Great fortunes and great gifts
- 218: International sectarian councils
- 219: Against slavery and intemperance
- 220: A History of American Christianity by Bacon
- 221: Alliance with Congregationalists
- 222: Nationalist principle succumbs to Separatist
- 223: Slavery question in Presbyterian Church
- 224: Syllabus of errors condemned by the pope
- 225: Young Men's Christian Association