A HISTORY
OF
ENGLISH PROSE FICTION
BY
BAYARD TUCKERMAN
NEW YORK & LONDON G.P. PUTNAM'S SONS The Knickerbocker Press 1894
COPYRIGHT BY G.P. PUTNAM'S SONS 1882
TO MY FATHER, THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED
PREFACE.
It is attempted in this volume to trace the gradual progress of English Prose Fiction from the early romance to the novel of the present day, in such connection with the social characteristics of the epochs to which these works respectively belong, as may conduce to a better comprehension of their nature and significance.
As many of the earlier specimens of English fiction are of a character or a rarity which makes any acquaintance with them difficult to the general public, I have endeavored so to describe their style and contents that the reader may obtain, to some degree, a personal knowledge of them.
The novels of the nineteenth century are so numerous and so generally familiar, that, in the chapter devoted to this period, I have sought rather to point out the great importance which fiction has assumed, and the variety of forms which it has taken, than to attempt any exhaustive criticism of individual authors--a task already sufficiently performed by writers far more able to do it justice.
THE AUTHOR.
B.T.
"_The Benedick._" NEW YORK, Aug. 22, 1882.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
THE ROMANCE OF CHIVALRY ........................................ 1
CHAPTER II
CHAUCER, TALES OF THE YEOMANRY, SIR T. MORE'S "UTOPIA".......... 42
CHAPTER III
THE AGE OF ELIZABETH. LYLY, GREENE, LODGE, SIDNEY ............. 60
CHAPTER IV.
THE PURITANS, "THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS" ......................... 102
CHAPTER V.
THE RESTORATION. ROGER BOYLE, MRS. MANLEY, MRS. BEHN ........... 112
CHAPTER VI.
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. SWIFT, ADDISON, DEFOE, RICHARDSON, FIELDING, SMOLLETT ............................................. 134
CHAPTER VII.
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CONTINUED. STERNE, JOHNSON, GOLDSMITH, AND OTHERS. MISS BURNEY AND THE FEMALE NOVELISTS. THE ROMANTIC REVIVAL ........................................... 220
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A History of English Prose Fiction by Tuckerman
- 2: Which had built feudal fortresses
- 3: Which was the inevitable accompaniment of feudal tenure
- 4: It found in the theological spirit
- 5: Petty lawless tyrants trampled all social order under foot
- 6: In considering the period of chivalry
- 7: And removing a chaplet of pearls from his own head
- 8: As soon as the arrival of Queen Isabel in Hainault was known
- 9: Taking root in the fertile soil of Northern chivalry
- 10: In the loves of Amadis and Oriana
- 11: That no grease may go into the wine
- 12: And delighted the chivalric mind
- 13: Is almost a reproduction of a chivalric romance
- 14: And the miraculous properties of the Saint Greal
- 15: Thre damoysels syttynge therby
- 16: Sayd Sir Alysander shewe my vysage
- 17: And also thow arte wepenles
- 18: And with his swerd he clafe his hede a sondre
- 19: Who loves Isould as passionately as his successful rival
- 20: And then syr Ector threwe his shelde
- 21: Footnote 16 Southey's Morte d'Arthur
- 22: While Chaucer was planning the Canterbury Tales
- 23: But the chivalry of Amadis and Palmerin was polished
- 24: Thyse byshopppes and thyse archebyshoppes
- 25: Little John and Scarlock had the better
- 26: How Fryer Bacon by his arte took a towne
- 27: Howe Virgilius made in Rome a metall serpente
- 28: Says More Vpon a certayne daye
- 29: Said to contain all the lyes of Christendom in one lye
- 30: Instead of the primitive trencher
- 31: Farmers learned also to garnish their cupboards with plate
- 32: And aboute either legge twentie or fourtie belles
- 33: Raleigh and Sidney at once among courtiers
- 34: And ceased to be considered a mark of foppery
- 35: Which represented Elizabeth herself
- 36: Drake's Shakespeare and his Times vol
- 37: Long before Euphues was written
- 38: John Lyly studied at Magdalen College
- 39: Philautus writes Although hereto Euphues
- 40: 62 The popularity of Euphues excited much imitation
- 41: Sephestia fails to recognize her husband
- 42: Philippo Medici possessed a wife Philomela
- 43: The influence of Euphues is manifest Unhappy Saladyne
- 44: Rosalynde began to comfort her
- 45: Is confided to the care of Dametas
- 46: More sweetness in Philoclea
- 47: But preuaile not to destruction
- 48: What did that helpe poore Dorus
- 49: A third element in the Arcadia is the comic
- 50: For Greene's words see Dorastus and Fawnia
- 51: The Puritans quoted from their one book
- 52: Much misliking the wicked and profane
- 53: Bunyan left a description of his life
- 54: But Bunyan occupies at once the imagination
- 55: With the fall of Puritan power
- 56: And above all among the courtiers
- 57: Public taste inclined to the gross and the sensual
- 58: And of young girls anxious to be debauched
- 59: Through the genius of Calprenede and Scuderi
- 60: There he finds that Parthenissa
- 61: As long as Atalantis shall be read
- 62: Behn took the special instance of Oroonoko
- 63: He became deeply enamored of Imoinda
- 64: The best in narrative interest
- 65: With all the advantages accruing from life in a refined age
- 66: Footnote 87 Dunlop's History of Fiction
- 67: Addison was Secretary of State
- 68: The other Preceptor was Hayter
- 69: Bolingbroke said to Sir Robert Walpole
- 70: In the cynicism of Lord Hervey
- 71: 115 the government was corrupt
- 72: And yet the nineteenth century has its standard
- 73: And during his connection with Madame Walmoden
- 74: When she spoke seriously to Sir Robert Walpole
- 75: Quite separate from immorality
- 76: Or the gentlemen of the road the fine gentlemen
- 77: Aggravated by the plunder of gin shops
- 78: Who made people dance by pricking them with swords
- 79: 146 This man spent some time in Newgate
- 80: One class of constables was described by Fielding in Amelia
- 81: To extort money from one Solas
- 82: Bainbridge released the prisoner from his cruel confinement
- 83: Footnote 103 Hervey's Memoirs
- 84: Footnote 128 Walpole to Montague
- 85: There has never lived a man more bitter in his misanthropy
- 86: Under the degraded form of Yahoos
- 87: The more he resembles the detestable Yahoo
- 88: At the head of all the Yahoos in that district
- 89: When living among the Lilliputians
- 90: Addison dwelt with tenderness on every detail regarding him
- 91: Defoe began to write novels as a tradesman
- 92: Which Swift probably owed in some measure to Defoe
- 93: Defoe was throughout his life a reformer
- 94: That I was ransomed from being a vagabond
- 95: Footnote 156 See Daniel Defoe
- 96: That shall shock the exactest purity
- 97: He undertook in Sir Charles Grandison
- 98: Colly Cibber read Clarissa before its publication
- 99: His best creations are Pamela and Clarissa
- 100: Richardson is best able to make his reader weep
- 101: The uplifted hanger dropped from his hand
- 102: Overthrew the carcass of many a mighty hero and heroine
- 103: Richardson had surpassed Defoe
- 104: That Fielding's works are coarse
- 105: While he added greatly to the store of fictitious writing
- 106: He impaired the literary merit of Perigrine Pickle
- 107: There was absolutely no feeling of philanthropy
- 108: Barbauld's Life of Richardson
- 109: Barbauld's Life of Richardson
- 110: These tendencies took effect in the Methodist Revival
- 111: Porter calls it innocent mirth
- 112: The adjoining pews seemed shook with his fall
- 113: Coverley went himself to help her
- 114: Were published the first two volumes of Tristram Shandy
- 115: He shall not drop said my uncle Toby
- 116: Together with his sister Nekayah
- 117: Writing Rasselas in an hour of sorrow
- 118: We read the 'Vicar of Wakefield
- 119: Chrysal is an elementary spirit
- 120: But Sindall quite a familiar person
- 121: And republished it for the benefit of the Methodists
- 122: It bears no comparison to Rasselas
- 123: The story is briefly as follows Falkland
- 124: Footnote 195 Charles Kingsley
- 125: With Madame Duval and the Brangtons
- 126: Inchbald into her literary labors
- 127: Like the prolific progeny of Banquo
- 128: Who threatened Manfred with divine visitation for his crimes
- 129: The Castle of Otranto is an entertaining
- 130: This was evident to Miss Clara Reeve
- 131: Emily discovered Count Morano
- 132: And Maturin in The Family of Montorio
- 133: Footnote 201 The Mysteries of Udolpho
- 134: But notwithstanding all the trash
- 135: While the writings of Miss Austen
- 136: The more realistic it is said to be
- 137: The purity of thought which pervades all his writings
- 138: Cockburn has left a remarkable instance
- 139: In Wilson's Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life
- 140: George Eliot is unsurpassed by any novelist
- 141: Her limitations clearly appeared in Daniel Deronda
- 142: That of d'Israeli was wondrous
- 143: Trollope has done in the case of the deserted Lily
- 144: And Weller corduroys in breeches makers' advertisements
- 145: Thackeray succeeded as perhaps no novelist
- 146: Pen next tried her on Kotzebue
- 147: Have confined their studies to the aristocratic classes
- 148: At the head of these stands Captain Marryat
- 149: A novel called Charlotte Temple
- 150: Cooper opened a thoroughly national vein
- 151: Or The House of the Seven Gables
- 152: 210 Footnote 210 Other American writers of fiction R
- 153: 211 Bulwer Lytton's Last Days of Pompeii
- 154: Every good novel has a purpose
- 155: Who was the daughter of Godwin the novelist
- 156: But the novelist creeps in closer than the schoolmaster
- 157: Licentious conduct is no longer a venial offence
- 158: The absence of parental censorship
- 159: 288 Alice's Adventures in Wonder Land
- 160: 292 Humor in Sidney's Arcadia
