A HISTORY OF THE JAPANESE PEOPLE
From the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era
by
CAPT. F. BRINKLEY, R. A.
Editor of the "Japan Mail"
With the Collaboration of BARON KIKUCHI
Former President of the Imperial University at Kyoto
With 150 Illustrations Engraved on Wood by Japanese Artists; Half-Tone Plates, and Maps
DEDICATED BY GRACIOUS PERMISSION TO HIS MAJESTY MEIJI TENNO, THE LATE EMPEROR OF JAPAN
FOREWORD
It is trite to remark that if you wish to know really any people, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge of their history, including their mythology, legends and folk-lore: customs, habits and traits of character, which to a superficial observer of a different nationality or race may seem odd and strange, sometimes even utterly subversive of ordinary ideas of morality, but which can be explained and will appear quite reasonable when they are traced back to their origin. The sudden rise of the Japanese nation from an insignificant position to a foremost rank in the comity of nations has startled the world. Except in the case of very few who had studied us intimately, we were a people but little raised above barbarism trying to imitate Western civilisation without any capacity for really assimilating or adapting it. At first, it was supposed that we had somehow undergone a sudden transformation, but it was gradually perceived that such could not be and was not the case; and a crop of books on Japan and the Japanese, deep and superficial, serious and fantastic, interesting and otherwise, has been put forth for the benefit of those who were curious to know the reason of this strange phenomenon. But among so many books, there has not yet been, so far as I know, a history of Japan, although a study of its history was most essential for the proper understanding of many of the problems relating to the Japanese people, such as the relation of the Imperial dynasty to the people, the family system, the position of Buddhism, the influence of the Chinese philosophy, etc. A history of Japan of moderate size has indeed long been a desideratum; that it was not forthcoming was no doubt due to the want of a proper person to undertake such a work. Now just the right man has been found in the author of the present work, who, an Englishman by birth, is almost Japanese in his understanding of, and sympathy with, the Japanese people. It would indeed be difficult to find any one better fitted for the task--by no means an easy one--of presenting the general features of Japanese history to Western readers, in a compact and intelligible form, and at the same time in general harmony with the Japanese feeling. The Western public and Japan are alike to be congratulated on the production of the present work. I may say this without any fear of reproach for self-praise, for although my name is mentioned in the title-page, my share is very slight, consisting merely in general advice and in a few suggestions on some special points.
DAIROKU KIKUCHI.
KYOTO, 1912.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
During the past three decades Japanese students have devoted much intelligent labour to collecting and collating the somewhat disjointed fragments of their country's history. The task would have been practically impossible for foreign historiographers alone, but now that the materials have been brought to light there is no insuperable difficulty in making them available for purposes of joint interpretation. That is all I have attempted to do in these pages, and I beg to solicit pardon for any defect they may be found to contain.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A History of the Japanese People by F. Brinkley
- 2: The Heian Epoch Continued XX
- 3: Middle Period of the Tokugawa Bakufu
- 4: Whom the Emperor Temmu nominated in 682
- 5: The Nihon Shoki consisted originally of thirty one volumes
- 6: The Zoku Nihon Koki Supplementary Later Chronicles
- 7: The third system was that of the sexagenary cycle
- 8: In the pages of Chinese and Korean history
- 9: The dwelling place of these invisible Kami
- 10: Which has cost Izanami her life
- 11: Izanami herself goes in pursuit
- 12: Susanoo hands his sword to Amaterasu o mi Kami
- 13: To the consternation of the Kami of evil
- 14: Susanoo is sentenced to expulsion from heaven
- 15: Susanoo falls asleep during the process
- 16: Several generations of Kami are begotten by him
- 17: Everything was left in the hands of Susanoo
- 18: The Kami of boats went to seek him
- 19: The female Kami who forged the mirror
- 20: Of the two peaks of Kirishima yama
- 21: And the ocean Kami instructed Hohodemi
- 22: Princess Rich Gem arrived from the castle of the ocean Kami
- 23: To reach Yamato by sea from Kyushu two routes offer
- 24: Prince Itsuse had already died of his wound
- 25: Nagasune sought a conference with Prince Iware
- 26: The visit of Izanagi to hades in search of Izanami
- 27: Is found in many ancient annals
- 28: The south of Shikoku or the Kii promontory
- 29: Supposed to be in the vicinity of Awaji
- 30: Was really identical with Yomi shima
- 31: It is that Susanoo and his son
- 32: One vague and the other improbable
- 33: Finally they hold that Ninigi and these five adjunct Kami
- 34: Which debouches on the west coast of Yezo
- 35: The Yemishi are a moribund race
- 36: The headquarters of the Yemishi
- 37: We find Yemishi doing homage to the Emperor Kotoku
- 38: The Nigi Yemishi quiet or docile
- 39: After breaking the power of the Kumaso
- 40: Returned to Tsukushi to fight his brother
- 41: The Tsuchi gumo had Japanese names
- 42: As do also the Ainu now living in Saghalien
- 43: And the Philippines to Malaysia and Polynesia
- 44: The latter belongs to the Yamato race
- 45: Such seems to have been the case with the Ainu
- 46: Do not occur in the Yamato sepulchres
- 47: The terracotta sarcophagi were generally parallel
- 48: The dolmen also existed in China in very early times
- 49: The most remarkable being the chisel headed
- 50: Are occasionally found in the Yamato sepulchres
- 51: Except when they are cast with a garniture of suzu
- 52: The neolithic culture of the Yemishi
- 53: The former undoubtedly was the language of the Yemishi
- 54: Baelz assigns the higher classes in Japan
- 55: And the osseous ridges at the brows being little marked
- 56: Susanoo is also quoted as saying
- 57: Whose descendants constituted the Otomo and Kume families
- 58: Herself a descendant of the Central Master
- 59: And when Ninigi set out to conquer Japan
- 60: But they are largely devoted to enumeration of Kami
- 61: By the harai all offences were expiated
- 62: The use of auguries seems to have come at a later date
- 63: A term of respect applied to the descendants of the Kami
- 64: The principal were the hakama and the koromo
- 65: Tsurugi to pierce and tachi to cut
- 66: Speak of an eight headed snake in Izumo
- 67: Pigeon boat hato fune or to the material employed
- 68: A vessel the Karano one hundred feet in length
- 69: Departmental suzerain agata no atae
- 70: Others kisari mochi were appointed to carry the viands
- 71: Prince Nagasune to be put to death
- 72: In prosecuting his Yamato campaign
- 73: The route taken by Hsu Fuh namely
- 74: Who governed the adjacent province of Yamato
- 75: Kudara constituted the modern Seoul and its vicinity
- 76: Korean annals deserve to be credited
- 77: And the abolition of the custom of junshi
- 78: The sovereign of Great Wa resides in Yamato
- 79: Keiko was ten feet two inches high
- 80: The fighting genius of Yamato dake
- 81: In connexion with Yamato dake's career
- 82: Took vengeance upon the Kumaso
- 83: Chuai means lamentable second son
- 84: It is on record that a mikoto mochi was stationed in Shiragi
- 85: Here again Takenouchi no Sukune acted a great part
- 86: There were great uji and small uji
- 87: And for the Emperor Shiraga Seinei
- 88: Who was usually the uji no Kami
- 89: And 3 to establish or abolish uji
- 90: And o muraji great muraji in the case of an o uji
- 91: And were distinguished as o omi and o muraji
- 92: Twenty six years later the Karano
- 93: Ojin invited him to a banquet in the palace
- 94: Having moved thither from Loh yang
- 95: Was subsequently invited from Kudara to take Atogi's place
- 96: Assuming that Nintoku was then sixteen
- 97: Attributed to Nintoku on the occasion
- 98: All possessing the title sukune
- 99: Richu received loyal assistance from a younger brother
- 100: On the occasion of a visit by Richu to that island
- 101: The Emperor made a progress to Chinu
- 102: Was married to Prince Ohatsuse
- 103: Ne no Omi was required to show it at the palace
- 104: Ceramists had previously come from Kudara Paikche
- 105: And ultimately Kudara was overrun by Koma
- 106: Who were both older than Seinei
- 107: THE FUGITIVE PRINCESThe Emperor Seinei had no offspring
- 108: And when Kenso ascended the throne he went to the park
- 109: Represent Muretsu as a monster of cruelty
- 110: And invaded the territory of Kudara
- 111: Thenceforth Yuryaku aided Kudara zealously
- 112: Kudara preferred a singular request
- 113: In all her relations with Korea at this epoch
- 114: Were in the possession of the uji
- 115: 400 when Richu condemned the muraji
- 116: Is said to be an outgrowth of the uta gaki
- 117: The heads of uji were practically feudal chiefs
- 118: The uji's chief became o muraji
- 119: The Kume were descended from Amatsu Kume no Mikoto
- 120: Tradition says that Shiba Tachito came from Liang
- 121: Of the apparently radical policy of the Soga chief
- 122: Where the image of Miroku was enshrined
- 123: Who had the support of the o muraji
- 124: Moved against Anahobe and Moriya
- 125: A younger sister of the o muraji
- 126: The youthful Emperor unbosomed himself to Prince Shotoku
- 127: Shotoku and Umako were allies otherwise
- 128: If the Earth attempt to overspread
- 129: Ye high functionaries who have charge of public affairs
- 130: Except on the supposition that Shotoku
- 131: DEATH OF SHOTOKU TAISHIPrince Shotoku died in the year 621
- 132: During the reign of this same Kimmei
- 133: Japan returned a respectful address
- 134: Which belonged to the Shotoku family
- 135: Then 587 muraji of the Nakatomi
- 136: Emishi and his people were all executed
- 137: The Kudara army suffered almost complete extermination
- 138: Tribute bearing envoys arrived at intervals from Koma
- 139: And just as the plenipotentiaries
- 140: There arrived from Kudara another Chinese literatus
- 141: Prince Shotoku painted banners as offerings
- 142: By and by the Korean shaku foot
- 143: The most noted were those of Dogo
- 144: But the prince's procedure was largely regulated by Kamatari
- 145: There had been o omi and o muraji
- 146: But before proceeding to really radical innovations
- 147: Ordinary taxes and commuted taxes
- 148: He was often obliged to perform expensive purgation
- 149: And each uji was governed by its own omi or muraji
- 150: In the proportion already noted
- 151: 655 661 On the demise of Kotoku
- 152: The Empress Saimei decided that Kudara must be succoured
- 153: Kamatari barely survived until success came in sight
- 154: But the Omi Ritsu ryo had the character of genuine laws
- 155: Omi of the Soga and minister of the Left
- 156: And all having the title of muraji by the o muraji
- 157: Jito then 690 finally ascended the throne
- 158: During the reign of the Emperor Temmu
- 159: The Empress abdicated in favour of Prince Karu
- 160: Headed by Fuhito of the Fujiwara family
- 161: Thus the Law of Descent Keishi ryo
- 162: The Daijo kwan called also Dajo kwari
- 163: A law was enacted for the Danjo dai
- 164: And for each kwa there were six pack horses
- 165: The village had a mayor richo
- 166: The bu in early times represented 5 shaku square
- 167: The principal were the prime minister one hundred acres
- 168: Was the mother of the Emperor Mommu
- 169: Silver was procured from the provinces of Iyo and Kii
- 170: If we count only 500 mon to the yen
- 171: He encountered opposition from Prince Nagaya
- 172: The Fujiwara had compassed their purpose
- 173: Doji was the great propagandist of the Sanron sect
- 174: Kamatari approved of his eldest son
- 175: Known now to all the world as the Nara Daibutsu
- 176: Buddhist hierarchs kokushi were appointed to the provinces
- 177: On which he built the temple of Kume dera
- 178: Bore fruit during the reign of Koken
- 179: The empress shotoku 765 770 a
- 180: Tachibana no Moroe and Fujiwara no Toyonari
- 181: Buddhism was largely responsible
- 182: 105 monAyabe no Samimaro 700 mon 840 mon
- 183: Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki ke
- 184: 770 781 When the Empress Shotoku died
- 185: Konin justified the zeal of his supporters
- 186: They were called the Seiwa Genji
- 187: Called uji no choja or uji no cho
- 188: The prime purpose of the legislators was achieved
- 189: Erected during the reign of Temmu
- 190: In the very same year the Emperor Shomu
- 191: The principal garments were a paletot
- 192: That Japan owed the inception of cremation
- 193: And mourning habiliments were called fuji koromo
- 194: The Manyo shu Collection of a Myriad Leaves
- 195: The sketchy nature of Japanese poetry
- 196: Was severely dealt with by Konin
- 197: These were called kondei or kenji
- 198: It converged on the castle of Taga
- 199: A monument still stands on the site of the old Taga Castle
- 200: Forty five miles north of Taga
- 201: And in the Tsugaru district of the modern Mutsu province
- 202: Konin could not correct this conception
- 203: But when Kwammu ascended the throne
- 204: The Kyoto of today is only a remnant of the ancient city
- 205: And that the Buddhist faith had come
- 206: Was Kobo Daishi known as Kukai during his lifetime
- 207: And when Heijo ascended the throne
- 208: Neither Heijo nor Saga shrank from duty in any form
- 209: FUJIWARA FUYUTSUGUFujiwara Fuyutsugu
- 210: When Junna laid down the sceptre
- 211: Daughter of Fujiwara Fuyutsugu
- 212: And Fujiwara Yoshifusa was appointed minister of the Right
- 213: Engraving fujiwara seiwayozei
- 214: It was drafted by Tachibana Hiromi
- 215: Another illustrious scholar of the Tachibana family
- 216: And Michizane was an indispensable factor
- 217: Engraving shrine of sugawara michizane at kitano
- 218: The Emperor Daigo himself administered affairs
- 219: Desiring to evade taxation and forced labour
- 220: The sole hope of their redress lay in Michizane
- 221: A good share of the Nara poetry is of feminine authorship
- 222: The Genji Monogatari by Murasaki Shikibu
- 223: Thus the shoen grew in number and extent
- 224: The shoen were largely cultivated by forced labour
- 225: Masakado finally retired to Shimosa in an angry mood
- 226: Whose father Masakado had killed
- 227: Some historians have contended that Masakado and Sumitomo
- 228: Murakami has a high position among Japan's model sovereigns
- 229: Who afterwards reigned as Kwazan
- 230: He abdicated in favour of Ichijo
- 231: Assisted the Fujiwara in Kyoto
- 232: When Go Ichijo occupied the throne
- 233: To the former category belonged Taira Tadatsune
- 234: Had a large estate at Tada in Settsu
- 235: Who quelled the insurrection of Masakado
- 236: Yoshiiye had Sadato at his mercy and
- 237: He thus won universal respect throughout the Kwanto
- 238: Fujiwara Yorimichi was then regent kwampaku
- 239: During the reign of Go Shujaku
- 240: Go Sanjo strictly interdicted all such transactions
- 241: Were rendered wholly abortive under the sway of Shirakawa
- 242: The daughter of Fujiwara Yorimichi
- 243: Thereupon the yama hoshi discarded the divine car
- 244: There was extravagance and elaboration
- 245: Other literary pastimes were incense comparing
- 246: ARTCeramics did not advance in the Heian epoch
- 247: In the early years of the Heian epoch
- 248: The influence of the Fujiwara was great
- 249: Umashimade with his monobe subdued the central districts
- 250: The swords were named Knee cutter and Beard cutter
- 251: Birds soaring in alarm should suggest an ambush
- 252: They took the territorial names of Nitta and Ashikaga
- 253: But Tadamori advanced boldly and
- 254: Tametomo was then only thirteen
- 255: They forced the Shirakawa palace
- 256: But the accession of Go Shirakawa gave him an opportunity
- 257: Yoshitomo joined hands with the plotters
- 258: Yoshitomo had ridden away to the house of Osada Tadamune
- 259: Tracing the career of Taira no Kiyomori
- 260: The Emperor Nijo had died in 1166
- 261: Bidding Shigemori to manage the matter as he thought fit
- 262: The second was the death of Shigemori
- 263: THE YORIMASA CONSPIRACYIn 1180
- 264: But because he appreciated that if Hiei zan joined Miidera
- 265: The cloistered Emperor Go Shirakawa
- 266: With Tokimasa he found security
- 267: The wife of a comrade called Minamoto Wataru
- 268: Was joined by Tokimasa and others
- 269: Hidehira received him with all hospitality
- 270: Commonly called Kiso Yoshinaka
- 271: Yoshinaka replied by sending his son Yoshitaka
- 272: Yoritomo received more gracious treatment than Yoshinaka
- 273: As Antoku had left the capital
- 274: Yoshinaka interfered to prevent his appointment
- 275: She became the consort of Yoshinaka
- 276: Yoshinaka would find safety and a dominion
- 277: And they rushed at the Taira position
- 278: Munemori was among the first of the fugitives
- 279: Five months after moving out of Harima
- 280: Yoshitsune saw his opportunity
- 281: The western Chikuzen and Buzen
- 282: MUNEMORI AND ANTOKUThe record of Munemori
- 283: Yet Yoshitsune remained at Kyoto
- 284: Volunteers were called for to make away with Yoshitsune
- 285: Found asylum in the domain of Fujiwara Hidehira
- 286: By that time Hidehira had died
- 287: The Minamoto chief declined to leave Kamakura
- 288: Representative of a famous family in the Kwanto
- 289: The betto of the Man dokoro was
- 290: These officials being nominated from Kamakura
- 291: And Yoritomo acceded by sending Hojo Tokisada
- 292: The Minamoto chief returned quietly to Kamakura
- 293: Appeared at the Kamakura Court in a magnificent costume
- 294: But though Yoritomo might have been jealous of Yoshitsune
- 295: Yoriiye was then in his eighteenth year
- 296: Hojo Tokimasa saw his opportunity
- 297: Then the conspirators fixed their eyes upon Sanetomo
- 298: As betto of the Samurai dokoro
- 299: Sanetomo had a vague presentiment of peril
- 300: Juntoku held the sceptre eleven years
- 301: Others who had special grievances against the Bakufu
- 302: But Hiromoto remained inflexible
- 303: Yasutoki galloped back all alone and
- 304: These words are said to have profoundly moved Yasutoki
- 305: Amaterasu and Hachiman will not reproach us
- 306: And who were designated shimpo jito
- 307: Yasutoki deserves the highest credit
- 308: When he periodically visited the temple of Yoritomo
- 309: That was cherished by the Bakufu councillors
- 310: Tsunetoki resembled his grandfather in many respects
- 311: A wrong which Tokiyori hastens to redress
- 312: From Yasutoki down to Tokimune
- 313: But with the death of Sanetomo
- 314: Did not avail much as against Bakufu arbitrariness
- 315: Enterprising Kameyama seemed better suited than the dull
- 316: And the result was that Kameyama triumphed
- 317: Founded the houses of Nijo and Ichijo
- 318: Kublai immediately acted on the suggestion
- 319: The armada began by attacking Tsushima and Iki
- 320: Hakozaki and Nagato were judged to be the most menaced
- 321: The flotilla from Korea appeared off Tsushima
- 322: But the Bakufu did not relax their precautions
- 323: That of Kamakura and that of Kyoto
- 324: Originally an officer of the guards in Kyoto
- 325: 522 into Japan until the days of Shotoku Taishi 572 621
- 326: Who established the Tendai sect on Mount Hiei near Kyoto
- 327: THE JODO SECTIt has been shown
- 328: Ritsu kokuzoku incantations are phantasms
- 329: Among these provincial vassals
- 330: Common people wore brown leather socks
- 331: Who had been the chief accuser of the Adachi
- 332: Amid such conditions Sadatoki took the tonsure in 1300
- 333: Happened to be on the throne when Takatoki
- 334: Go Daigo being represented by Fujiwara no Fujifusa
- 335: Masashige belonged to the Tachibana family
- 336: But Yoshiteru bade him live for further service
- 337: Narita Kosaburo and the Nawa brothers
- 338: Takatoki demanded that the Ashikaga chief
- 339: Commanded by Yoshisada himself
- 340: Takatoki handed the cup to Takashige
- 341: Kamakura fell on the 5th of July
- 342: Ashikaga Tadayoshi brother of Takauji
- 343: Nitta Yoshiaki son of Yoshisada
- 344: And Prince Morinaga occupied Nawa with a strong army
- 345: And placed Ashikaga Tadayoshi in a position amounting
- 346: Takauji and Tadayoshi were proclaimed rebels
- 347: This must have been fully apparent to Kusunoki Masashige
- 348: While the sovereign took refuge at Hiei zan
- 349: Masashige joined Nitta Yoshisada
- 350: Tradition has it that Go Daigo
- 351: And Go Daigo sent a rescript to Yoshisada in Echizen
- 352: Yoshiaki and Prince Takanaga committed suicide
- 353: Which was protected by Kusunoki Masatsura
- 354: A strong army in Settsu menaced Yoshino
- 355: Was to marshal in Kawachi force sufficient to threaten
- 356: And several Kamakura literati descendants of Oye
- 357: In the Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
- 358: Rendered sterling military service to the Ashikaga cause
- 359: And the Momonoi adhered to Tadayoshi
- 360: As for the ex Emperors Kogon and Komyo
- 361: CAPTURE AND RE CAPTURE OF KYOTOIn 1353
- 362: The Hatakeyama chief developed ambitions of his own
- 363: And when Go Murakami died 1368
- 364: The Yamana leader was killed and his army completely routed
- 365: On the childless death of Shoko
- 366: The first Muromachi kwanryo was Shiba Yoshimasa
- 367: And Izumi under that of Hosokawa
- 368: Were designated Ryo Uesugi the Two Uesugi
- 369: That Japanese historians chiefly reproach Yoshimitsu
- 370: Yoshimitsu had intended to pass over Yoshimochi
- 371: He changed his name to Yoshinori
- 372: Foremost of these were the Akamatsu
- 373: Representing the Akamatsu family
- 374: Yoshimasa was conspicuously reckless
- 375: During the first two months of 1462
- 376: His colleague being Uesugi Akifusa Ogigayatsu Uesugi
- 377: Officiated as tandai of Kyushu
- 378: But Yoshinari did not acquiesce
- 379: The Yamana chief readily assented
- 380: Victory rested with the Yamana
- 381: Yoshimasa retired from office and
- 382: Son of Hatakeyama Masanaga's old opponent
- 383: Motochika and Sumiyuki were killed
- 384: Hosokawa Takakuni now became kwanryo
- 385: So did the Hosokawa against the Ashikaga
- 386: These observed the behests of the Bakufu
- 387: The jito becoming vassals of the shugo
- 388: And the tan comprised 360 tsubo
- 389: The Bakufu collected dues on foreign commerce
- 390: From the close of the Heian epoch
- 391: Who held Kyushu in the interests of the Southern Court
- 392: That Yoshimitsu opened friendly relations 1401
- 393: Despatched by the Ouchi family
- 394: It is not wonderful that when Yoshimitsu died
- 395: Our countrymen when they saw these swordsmen
- 396: Bestowed Ryukyu on Shimazu Tadakuni
- 397: Took Sugawara Toyonaga for preacher
- 398: Among these schools was the Ashikaga gakko
- 399: During the reign of Go Daigo 1318 1339
- 400: In the thirteenth century Fujiwara Tsunetaka
- 401: Organized the Muromachi Bakufu
- 402: Yoshimitsu was in a position to dictate to the Emperor
- 403: And that example was followed by the Ashikaga in Kyoto
- 404: The only notable addition made was the kago
- 405: Sharing the vogue of the biwa bozu
- 406: He reigned undisputed until 1412
- 407: Koken was raised to high ecclesiastical rank
- 408: Father of the celebrated Oda Nobunaga
- 409: Founded by Shinran Shonin 1184 1268
- 410: Until the assassination of Dokwan
- 411: And threatened the Uesugi in the east
- 412: Hojo Ujimasa and Takeda Shingen
- 413: Kenshin proceeded to assert his new title
- 414: Motonari succeeded to all its domains
- 415: The province of Tosa was governed by the Ichijo
- 416: Of this anthology Masamune was much enamoured
- 417: And thus acquired the name of Oda
- 418: But Nobunaga detected their fallacy
- 419: He was known as Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- 420: The province of Owari was guarded on the south by sea
- 421: Ancestor of the present Marquis Hachisuka
- 422: But Shingen was not reciprocally hampered
- 423: Crossed the Kiso River into Mino
- 424: But Nobunaga selected Hideyoshi
- 425: Yoshiaki returned to the capital
- 426: He declared war against Asakura Yoshikage
- 427: Nagamasa had withdrawn to his stronghold of Otani
- 428: This same Mitsuhide treacherously compassed Nobunaga's death
- 429: Menacing the third and most important at Hamamatsu
- 430: The losses of the Takeda men were enormous
- 431: To whom the rule of Chugoku should be entrusted
- 432: Being placed under the command of Mitsuhide
- 433: He made preparation for defence against Mitsuhide
- 434: Had been sent to subdue Shikoku
- 435: Met his death in the Mitsuhide affair
- 436: He not only sat down to besiege the redoubt
- 437: He decided to retire to his castle of Kitano sho
- 438: And applied to Ieyasu for assistance
- 439: He immediately hastened to Nagakude
- 440: And thus Yoshiaki declined Hideyoshi's overtures
- 441: The powerful sept was then ruled by Kagekatsu
- 442: But would remain in the camp of Shimazu
- 443: These were Date Masamune and Hojo Ujimasa
- 444: And throughout the whole of the Kwanto
- 445: And gave the estates in Owari and Ise to Hidetsugu
- 446: The Kyoto image should be finished in five
- 447: Hideyoshi took up his abode there in 1587
- 448: Varying from 3000 ryo of gold and 10
- 449: Hideyoshi is a mean and ignoble looking man
- 450: Hideyoshi espied the Korean musicians
- 451: It has been observed by several critics that if Hideyoshi
- 452: The question of maritime transport presented some difficulty
- 453: Konishi and Kato now again separated
- 454: Then ensued a disorderly retreat on the part of the Koreans
- 455: The Koreans naturally looked to her for succour
- 456: They had to evacuate Pyong yang and retreat towards Seoul
- 457: Dening in A New Life of Hideyoshi
- 458: And these being thrown into Korea
- 459: Hideyoshi presented a sum equivalent to L14
- 460: Ordered Hidetsugu to commit suicide
- 461: He had procured the investiture of Hideyori
- 462: Should act as guardian of Hideyori
- 463: But if the harvest exceed that figure
- 464: Was the day of the Hidetsugu tragedy
- 465: The former known as the Tensho koban and the Tensho oban
- 466: Had become famous for the sake of their Momo yama work
- 467: With two fellow countrymen and Anjiro
- 468: His journey took him in the first place to Yamaguchi
- 469: On his first visit to Yamaguchi
- 470: For a sub feudatory of the Hirado chief
- 471: Hirado continued to be frequented by Portuguese merchantmen
- 472: When the son of the Bungo feudatory
- 473: When another visit was made to the same city by Vilela
- 474: But the shogun extended his protection to Vilela
- 475: Hideyoshi followed Nobunaga's example
- 476: The Kyushu campaign took place in 1587
- 477: Hideyoshi agreed to tolerate the Christian propagandists
- 478: Drifted to the coast of Tosa province
- 479: Hideyoshi is recorded to have stated
- 480: He was brought into the presence of Ieyasu
- 481: Ieyasu quickly discerned the man's honesty
- 482: Ieyasu is said to have remarked
- 483: When these things were reported to Ieyasu
- 484: Both shipps being full of souldiers
- 485: Omura was obliged to act promptly
- 486: Zuniga and Flores were burned alive
- 487: Yet an uncommon steadfastness in the faith must
- 488: THE SHIMABARA REVOLTAt the close of 1637
- 489: When he obtained permission to return to Okazaki
- 490: Instead of retaliating by direct impeachment of Ishida
- 491: Ishida Kotsushige outwitted him
- 492: The reply sent by Uesugi was defiant
- 493: At the hands of Sanada Masayuki
- 494: The seven year old daughter of Hidetada
- 495: Hideyori was nominated u daijin
- 496: From that time Hideyori lived among women
- 497: Principal retainer of Nambu Nobunao
- 498: Okura no Tsubone and her companion took their way to Osaka
- 499: Ieyasu induced her to open communications with Yodo
- 500: When complaint was made against Masazumi
- 501: He carried it hastily to Hideyori
- 502: The year name was then changed to Genna
- 503: From the first tokugawa shogun
- 504: Ieyasu summoned a number of the offenders to Sumpu
- 505: Without previous sanction from the Bakufu
- 506: Shiro kosode white wadded silk coats
- 507: And under the eighth shogun Yoshimune
- 508: While as for the administrators bugyo
- 509: It received uniform patronage at the hands of the Tokugawa
- 510: Was originally called the Honcho Hennen roku
- 511: The era of Hidetada was essentially one of organization
- 512: Hidetada ridiculed these fears
- 513: So that in Yedo was named Kwanei ji
- 514: This organization was completed in the time of Iemitsu
- 515: THE LEGISLATION OF IEMITSU AND IETSUNAOn the 5th of August
- 516: Through him soliciting aid from the Yedo Bakufu
- 517: The Bakufu granted a sum of 7500 ryo towards the expense
- 518: The same policy was pursued by the second shogun
- 519: Both of whom were Bakufu nominees
- 520: The Bakufu summoned these prelates to Yedo
- 521: After the deaths of Tadayoshi and Nobuyoshi
- 522: As far as concerned the tozama feudatories
- 523: This Tadanao was a grandson of Ieyasu
- 524: And killing a soldier of the Bakufu
- 525: That dignity falls to Tsunayoshi and to Tsunayoshi alone
- 526: ASSASSINATION OF HOTTA MASATOSHIOn the 8th of October
- 527: And care should be taken that Tsunayoshi
- 528: An abbreviation of the already brief renga and haikai
- 529: But here also the influence of Yoshiyasu is discernible
- 530: On the whole Iemitsu must be regarded as an economical ruler
- 531: The real counterfeiters being Yanagisawa and Hagiwara
- 532: TSUNAYOSHI'S FAVOURITEWhen Tsunayoshi became shogun
- 533: ENGRAVING FORTY SEVEN RONINTHE AKO VENDETTANevertheless
- 534: Soko rejected the Chutsz interpretation
- 535: And 6000 ryo yielded by a tax on sake
- 536: IETSUGUThe seventh Tokugawa shogun
- 537: Of Yorinobu and great grandson of Ieyasu
- 538: Entered the service of Yoshimune
- 539: Yoshimune appreciated the disadvantage of such a restriction
- 540: This system was radically changed by Yoshimune
- 541: The Bakufu rendered aid on a munificent scale
- 542: Yoshimune strictly interdicted this practice
- 543: And Yoshimune created the Sankyo
- 544: The Emperor Reigen abdicated in favour of Higashiyama
- 545: When he abdicated in favour of Momozono
- 546: Her Majesty is known in history as Go Sakuramachi
- 547: Son of Tayasu Munetake and grandson of Yoshimune
- 548: Yedo was infested by vagabonds
- 549: And entrusted to him the conduct of the college called Seido
- 550: Wang held that these two were inseparable
- 551: Moved into the western citadel of Yedo Castle
- 552: And then to inform the Bakufu of the accomplished fact
- 553: He is thenceforth known as inkyo or recluse
- 554: Ultimately the Bakufu officially disapproved the project
- 555: THE JISHA BUGYOThe jisha bugyo
- 556: There were altogether sixty metsuke
- 557: Literati to the shogun oku jusha
- 558: Under whom also nanushi officiated
- 559: Which was handed over to the daikwan of each province
- 560: From the time of the fifth shogun
- 561: These were first brought before a bugyo
- 562: Matsudaira Sadanobu revised this code
- 563: And the eta gashira in the case of beggars
- 564: Amounted to one third of the Mito revenues
- 565: Like the Kojiki and the Manyo shu
- 566: The principles they established are called michi ethics
- 567: ' called Kami no michi or Shinto
- 568: And this air must be infinite or finite in extent
- 569: But all these statements are nonsense
- 570: Learn to stand in awe of the Unseen
- 571: And the Tokugawa were pure usurpations
- 572: Pessoa fought his ship for three days
- 573: The revised document limited them to Hirado
- 574: Enjoyed special indulgences from the Bakufu
- 575: Nagasaki was chosen as suitable
- 576: Japan stood practically unchanging
- 577: Entrusting the western half to Matsumae
- 578: Contributed materially to the ultimate fall of the Bakufu
- 579: Yet the Bakufu officials did not hesitate to resort to force
- 580: Was Tokugawa Nariaki 1800 1860
- 581: An American brig under Commander Glynn
- 582: This letter was circulated among the feudatories
- 583: The Bakufu had practically no choice
- 584: One of the ablest statesmen that Yedo ever possessed
- 585: The Bakufu prime minister visited Kyoto
- 586: IEMOCHI 1858 1866 Iesada died in 1858
- 587: This edict startled the Bakufu
- 588: Its display did not tend to conciliate the Japanese
- 589: It is necessary to revert to Kyoto
- 590: But the Bakufu ignored his advice
- 591: The Bakufu were naturally much incensed
- 592: THE HYOGO DEMONSTRATIONWhile things were at this stage
- 593: Alike in Satsuma and in Choshu
- 594: 1867 1912 The throne was occupied at this time by Mutsuhito
- 595: Frequent references have been made to the feudatories
- 596: The Satsuma feudatory was the first to take umbrage
- 597: The samurai were free to accept or reject it
- 598: ENGRAVING SANJO SANETOMIThe first five
- 599: Saigo had any revolutionary intention
- 600: And finally the Satsuma samurai took the field
- 601: All the revenues of the former fiefs were locally expended
- 602: The three metropolitan prefectures of Tokyo
- 603: When the Satsuma rebellion broke out
- 604: Itagaki organized an association called Jiyu to Liberals
- 605: Chief among whom was Prince Ito
- 606: The Liberals and Progressists joined hands
- 607: To make way for the Constitutionists
- 608: The conscription law was revised
- 609: She did not possess a single ironclad
- 610: Which separates Saghalien from Yezo
- 611: In the settlement of the Formosan complication
- 612: Destroyed her legation in Seoul
- 613: But also despatched an army overland across the Yalu
- 614: The fall of Weihaiwei ended the war
- 615: Tsugaru Strait is practically under Japan's complete control
- 616: Having conceded much to Russia in the way of the Amur
- 617: With the exception of Port Arthur and Talien
- 618: Japan should object to Russia in Korea
- 619: Be required to adjudicate magisterially
- 620: Not unnaturally the foreigners resident in Japan
- 621: Or against disturbances in China or Korea
- 622: Three Japanese squadrons of destroyers
- 623: Together with the transport Sungari
- 624: Issued orders to General Sassulitch
- 625: The casualties on the Japanese side were 318 killed
- 626: This point is known as Nanshan
- 627: The Hitachi Maru and the Sado Maru
- 628: That of General Kuroki being the First
- 629: Recover possession of Liaoyang
- 630: The reasons which induced Kuropatkin to defy these obstacles
- 631: Kuropatkin would have under his command twelve army corps
- 632: Kuropatkin had been confronted by only three armies
- 633: As the vessels under Rozhdestvensky were called
- 634: The Japanese plenipotentiaries
- 635: Ceded to Japan the southern half of Saghalien
- 636: Railway and mining concessions
- 637: Though a Japanese resident general in Seoul
- 638: To appoint and remove Korean officials
- 639: Hitherto the exponent and champion of Korean independence
- 640: One is the Anglo Japanese treaty not the treaty of 1902
- 641: Such Imperial Ordinances shall
- 642: No Japanese subject shall be arrested
- 643: An extraordinary session may be convoked
- 644: Rules for disciplinary punishment shall be determined by law
- 645: In the form of an annual Budget
- 646: When the Imperial Diet has not voted on the Budget
- 647: And economic interests in Corea
- 648: The Imperial Russian Government
- 649: Inhabitants of the territory ceded to Japan
- 650: The texts are in absolute conformity
- 651: Studies in China Sadato 1019 1062
- 652: Yemishi leader in 8th century wars
- 653: Settles in TajimaAmaterasu o mi Kami
- 654: In Heian epochArmy see Military AffairsArmy and Navy
- 655: Takes and loses Kyoto Tadayoshi 1307 52
- 656: Won from Satomi by Hojo Ujitsuna
- 657: Office hereditary in Hojo family
- 658: 5 administrators under Hideyoshi
- 659: Heian epochCasting in Nara epochCastlesCatapultCaterpillar
- 660: Joins Satsuma against Tokugawa
- 661: Warns Yedo Court against Spain
- 662: HaritsukeCurrency in Ashikaga period
- 663: Law of in Daiho legislationDeshima
- 664: General character in Nara epoch
- 665: To receive Crown except in trustEmpress Dowager
- 666: Founder of Yamabushi priestsEnomoto see YenomotoEnryaku ji
- 667: In Heian epochForced labourForeign Affairs
- 668: Regent for Ichijo Kanehira 1228 94
- 669: Privy councillor of Koken Yasuhira
- 670: PeriodGenpei Gempei Minamoto and Taira
- 671: 89th Emperor 1246 59 Go Fushimi
- 672: 105th Emperor 1526 57 Gongen see Tokugawa IeyasuGo Nijo
- 673: In Kamakura on Tsurugaoka hill
- 674: Brother of Hideyoshi Hideyasu
- 675: Aids Yoshikage against Nobunaga
- 676: On Kanazawa bunko library Morotoki
- 677: Brother of Ujimasa Ujitsuna 1487 1543
- 678: Guardian of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
- 679: Son of Yoshimoto Yoshimoto 1519 60 rules Suruga
- 680: Imperial landsImprisonmentImun
- 681: Branch of TairaIwakura Tomoyoshi
- 682: Seized by Hojo Soun 1491 Izumi province
- 683: Headquarters of Ashikaga family
- 684: Helps Kudara to get Imun 513 A
- 685: Suppresses Yemishi revoltKatari be
- 686: Daughter of Fujiwara Yorimichi
- 687: Chinese scholar in Japan 516 A
- 688: Wife of Shomu and mother of Koken
- 689: Yemishi do homage to 646 Kotsuke
- 690: On Takenouchi no Sukune Prince
- 691: Title passes from Ashikaga to Uesugi family
- 692: Manufacture in time of Yoshimasa
- 693: Attempt to make break between Ieyasu and
- 694: One of three sections of Bakufu
- 695: Succession to Yoshimune Sadanobu 1758 1829
- 696: In Yorimasa conspiracy Kugyo see Kugyo Mitsukune
- 697: Son of Yoshitomo Yoshiiye 1041 1108
- 698: Members of Privy Council Board under Daiho
- 699: Last epoch of Ashikaga shogunate
- 700: Branch of Fujiwara in Kwanto Sukeyori
- 701: Guardian of Hojo Takatoki Takashige
- 702: Five composed in Heian epochNature WorshipNavarrete
- 703: Written Chronicles of Japan to 697 A
- 704: Son of Yoshisada and provincial governor
- 705: Grandson of Nobunaga Katsunaga 1568 82
- 706: Okabe Tadazumi kills Taira Tadanori at Ichi no taniOkagami
- 707: Plots against Katagiri and Tokugawa
- 708: Tandai of Kyushu 1396 Satehiko
- 709: Promised to Hideyoshi by Franciscans
- 710: Captured end of 1904 Portsmouth
- 711: Under DaihoProse of Nara epoch
- 712: Great 645 Regent for grown Emperor
- 713: Branch of MinamotoSagami province conquered by Hojo Soun
- 714: Yemishi at coronationSaimyo ji
- 715: Blocks Tokugawa Hidetada's army Yukimura 1570 1615
- 716: Japanese resident general inSepulchres of Yamato
- 717: Successor of Yoshihisa Yoshihisa 1536 1611
- 718: Branch of Minamoto familyShingen see Takeda ShingenShingon
- 719: Less important than temple after mixed Shinto
- 720: Final success over Mononebe Moriya
- 721: Dutch and English intrigue against
- 722: Branch of Minamoto familySurvey for map under Hideyoshi
- 723: In Heiji tumult crush Minamoto
- 724: Taken prisoner at Ichi no tani
- 725: Alliance with Hojo and war with Uesugi
- 726: Under TokugawaTayasu branch of Tokugawa
- 727: Record of the EmperorsTenno zan
- 728: Hidetada line succeeded by Kii branch
- 729: Founder of Hitotsubashi branch Munetake d
- 730: Christians join him against Ieyasu
- 731: Fortifications 1280 Tsurugaoka hill in Kamakura
- 732: In Kamakura classificationUnebi
- 733: Japanese intercourse withWatch
- 734: IllustrationsWrestling in prehistoric times
- 735: Japanese victory over Chinese 1894 Yemishi
- 736: Chinese Emperor and year period
- 737: D Probably a drinking vessel Mutsu
