A HISTORY OF PANTOMIME
by
R. J. BROADBENT
Author of "STAGE WHISPERS," etc.
LONDON:
TO
WILLIAM WADE, ESQUIRE.
This book is dedicated as a small token of the Author's esteem and regard.
R.J.B.
PREFACE.
One of the most important factors in the making of Theatrical History has been that of Pantomime, yet in many of the published works dealing with the History of the Stage it has, with the exception of a passing reference here and there, been much neglected.
It is with a view of conveying to the reading public some little, and, perhaps, new information about this ancient form of entertainment that I am tempted to issue this History of Pantomime in the hope and belief that it may not only prove interesting, but also instructive, to all lovers of the Stage.
R.J.B.
Liverpool, December, 1901.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Origin of Pantomime
CHAPTER II.
Origin of Tragedy and Comedy--Mythology--The meaning of the word Pantomime--The origin of Harlequin, Columbine, Clown, and Pantaloon--Grecian Mythology--Transformation Scenes--The rise of Grecian Tragedy and Comedy--The Satirical Drama
CHAPTER III.
The origin of the Indian Drama--Aryan Mythology--Clown and Columbine--Origin of the Chinese Drama--Inception of the Japanese Drama--The Siamese Drama--Dramatic performances of the South Sea Islanders, Peruvians, Aztecs, Zulus, and Fijis--The Egyptian Drama
CHAPTER IV.
"Dancing," _i.e._ Pantomime--Grecian Dancing and Pantomimic Scenes--Aristotle--Homer--Dances common to both Greeks and Romans
CHAPTER V.
Thespis--The Progress of Tragedy and Comedy--Aeschylus--The Epopee--Homer--Sophocles--Euripides--Grecian Mimes--The First Athenian Theatre--Scenery and Effects
CHAPTER VI.
Roman Theatres--Description--"Deadheads"--Pantomime in Italy--Livius Andronicus--_Fabulae Atellanae_--Extemporal Comedy--Origin of the Masque, Opera, and Vaudeville--Origin of the term Histrionic--Etruscans--Popularity of Pantomime in Italy--Pantomimists banished by Trajan--Nero as a Mime--Pylades and Bathyllus--Subjects chosen for the Roman Pantomimes--The Ballet--The _Mimi_ and _Pantomimi_--_Archimimus_--Vespasian--Harlequin--"Mr. Punch"--Zany, how the word originated--Ancient Masks--Lucian, Cassiodorus, and Demetrius in praise of Pantomime--A celebrated _Mima_--Pantomimes denounced by early writers--The purity of the English stage contrasted with that of the Grecian and Roman--Female parts on the Grecian and Roman stages--The principal Roman _Mimas_--The origin of the Clown of the early English Drama
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A History of Pantomime by R. J. Broadbent
- 2: A description William Rufus Chetwood Accidents Vandermere
- 3: Pantomimic Families Giuseppe Grimaldi James Byrne
- 4: Formed in similitude of Nature
- 5: Having briefly traced the origin of Pantomime
- 6: Homer alludes to the priestesses as doves
- 7: And called Chushites or Cushites
- 8: The regions said to have been traversed by Dionysus
- 9: That Harlequin is the god Mercury
- 10: But the religious festivals of Dionysus
- 11: From these rustic festivals originated the Satyr
- 12: An episode from the history of the god Vishnu
- 13: Or Osiris extended over Asia Minor
- 14: And favourite plays oftentimes longer
- 15: By the aid of the Terpsichorean Art
- 16: When Thespis first pointed out the tragic path
- 17: Directed the writers to abandon the capering tetrameter
- 18: And eleven above the conistra
- 19: The ascents or descents were managed by cords
- 20: None of these Atellan Farces have been committed to us
- 21: These were borrowed from the Osci
- 22: This archimimus performed his part admirably
- 23: From whence the Latins derived their Sannio
- 24: And mention is made of a celebrated Mima
- 25: She was probably an Emboliariae
- 26: The word Pantomime could not
- 27: Both Saints Thomas Aquinas and Anthony supported the stage
- 28: Or Woodkirk group of plays were acted at Woodkirk
- 29: Adam appears digging the ground
- 30: Which pagiants weare a high scafolde with 2 rowmes
- 31: In these jigs there were sometimes more actors than one
- 32: Theyr Clownes cladde as well with country condition
- 33: The fool in the old dumb shows
- 34: And the following dialogue ensues 1st Cheater
- 35: In Italy the Masque entertainment long held sway
- 36: In devising these Masque plays
- 37: In vain Penkethman was no more Harlequin
- 38: Harlequin is performing his Lazzi
- 39: Under the character of Formica
- 40: Gherardi Anyone may learn a part by rote
- 41: And Harlequins and Scaramouches have been ennobled
- 42: Sacchi possessed a lively and brilliant imagination
- 43: These and other Pantomimic characters
- 44: Biancolelli was succeeded by his son
- 45: The Pierrots not only in France
- 46: The part of Columbine came to be dressed like the Harlequin
- 47: Italian Scenarios and English Platts Pantaloon Tarleton
- 48: In 1611 a book was published entitled Tarleton's Jeasts
- 49: Ben Jonson has mentioned the Italian Extemporal Plays
- 50: Of these Humours Kirkman observes
- 51: Its title was Perseus and Andromeda
- 52: Cibber's antagonistical views towards Pantomime were shared
- 53: Of Rich and his early Pantomimes
- 54: The first of Rich's successes was Harlequin Sorcerer
- 55: A dance of infernals having to be exhibited
- 56: Notwithstanding then Cibber continues this
- 57: Lies the true imitativeness of the actor
- 58: Chetwood William Rufus Chetwood who had
- 59: Orpheus turns back to look for Eurydice
- 60: During the summer season of 1761
- 61: Grimaldi is perfectly unrivalled
- 62: In which he was introduced begging a tart from a pieman
- 63: Grimaldi will act Clown in one scene
- 64: Produced at Covent Garden Grimaldi
- 65: Is consigned to the care of Grim Gribber
- 66: And mechanism of the Pantomimic world
- 67: And skate about with as much rapidity
- 68: In Arlequin Lingere du Palais
- 69: The scenic artist of the theatre
- 70: Pantomimic Families Giuseppe Grimaldi James Byrne
- 71: The character of Harlequin has
- 72: Tom Ellar was another famous Harlequin
- 73: In days gone by Madame Leclerq
- 74: Under the title of How Cajusse was married
- 75: Cajusse accomplishes all these things
- 76: Secures the return of Maruf and the Sultan
- 77: Blue Beard was first dramatised at Paris
- 78: Yvon becomes the friend of the Lord of the Manor
- 79: Indra ultimately overcomes the Dragon
- 80: His Clown's parts he dressed like Grimaldi
- 81: Where he produced Humpty Dumpty
- 82: Was preceded by George Barnwell
- 83: Jane May and a French Company of Pantomimists
- 84: Which began introducing Pantomimes and ballets
