[Illustration: THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY.
(_After a Photograph by J. C. Schaarwaechter, Photographer to the Emperor._)]
A
HISTORY OF GERMANY
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY
BY BAYARD TAYLOR
_WITH AN ADDITIONAL CHAPTER BY_ MARIE HANSEN-TAYLOR
NEW YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1897
COPYRIGHT, 1874, 1893, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.
ELECTROTYPED AND PRINTED AT THE APPLETON PRESS, U. S. A.
PREFACE.
When I assented to the request of the publishers that I would edit a new edition of the History of Germany, and write an additional chapter finishing the work down to the present date, I was fully aware of both my own shortcomings and the difficulty of the task. That I undertook it, nevertheless, is because I was strongly tempted to perform what I considered, in my case, an act of piety. Being naturally familiar with the aim and style of this book, I have tried to compile a new chapter in the simple narrative fashion by which the History has commended itself to its readers.
In his "Introductory Words" to the original edition the author says: "The History of Germany is not the history of a nation, but of a race. It has little unity, therefore it is complicated, broken, and attached on all sides to the histories of other countries. In its earlier periods it covers the greater part of Europe, and does not return exclusively to Germany until after France, Spain, England and the Italian States have been founded. Thus, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, it becomes the main trunk out of which branch the histories of nearly all European nations, and must of necessity be studied as the connecting link between ancient and modern history. The records of no other race throw so much light upon the development of all civilized lands during a period of fifteen hundred years.
"My aim has been to present a clear, continuous narrative, omitting no episode of importance, yet preserving a distinct line of connection from century to century. Besides referring to all the best authorities, I have based my labors mainly upon three recent German works--that of Dittmar, as the fullest; of Von Rochau, as the most impartial; and of Dr. David Mueller, as the most readable. By constructing an entirely new narrative from these, compressing the material into less than half the space which each occupies, and avoiding the interruptions and changes by which all are characterized, I hope to have made this History convenient and acceptable to our schools."
The book is, indeed, eminently fitted for use in the higher grades of schools. But the scope, comprehensiveness, and style of the work make it in no less a degree inviting and attractive to the general reader.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A History of Germany by Bayard Taylor
- 2: The decline of the saxon dynasty
- 3: The revolution of 1848 and its results
- 4: The Aryan Race and its Migrations
- 5: Between the Rhine and the Vistula
- 6: But the Roman legions broke the Cimbrian square
- 7: East of the Elbe were the Semnones
- 8: Young men acknowledged as freemen and warriors
- 9: First Expedition of Drusus
- 10: He joined the Arverni and the Sequani
- 11: Where they were welcomed by the Sicambrians
- 12: Was thenceforth named Germania Magna
- 13: He made an expedition into the land of the Sicambrians
- 14: War between Hermann and Marbod
- 15: But among the other Germans in the Roman camp was Segestes
- 16: He burst upon the legions of Varus
- 17: And the Cherusci were soon divided into two parties
- 18: This was precisely what Caecina expected
- 19: Chief of the Marcomanni and many allied tribes
- 20: Incursions of the Chauci and Chatti
- 21: But in the meantime the Batavi
- 22: Established commercial intercourse
- 23: The Marcomanni and Quadi besieged the city of Aquileia
- 24: Between the Thuringians and the Alemanni
- 25: He defeated and drove back the Alemanni
- 26: The Visigoths settle in Southern Gaul
- 27: The Alemanni destroyed Strasburg and Mayence
- 28: Athanaric refused to cross the river
- 29: Theodosius invited Athanaric to visit him
- 30: Arbogast called upon his countrymen
- 31: Then the Busento was restored to its channel
- 32: Pushed the Vandals westward toward Bohemia
- 33: The Visigoths immediately occupied the remainder of Spain
- 34: Hastened to the side of Aetius
- 35: When Aetius approached with his army
- 36: Eudoxia sent a messenger to Geiserich
- 37: He defeats and slays Odoaker
- 38: Boldly challenged Syagrius to battle
- 39: Appointed Chlodwig Roman Consul
- 40: Took Vitiges prisoner and sent him to Constantinople
- 41: Italy then became the kingdom of the Longobards
- 42: Still belonged to the Visigoths
- 43: Was selected for his queen by the Longobard king
- 44: All the races outside of Germany
- 45: Inhabited by Romans and Romanized Gauls
- 46: And return to the Frank dynasty founded by Chlodwig
- 47: Chlodwig selected the Athanasian faith of Rome
- 48: One of the women sent away was Fredegunde
- 49: Fredegunde followed up her success
- 50: For herself and her favorite grandson
- 51: Concerning the mother of Chlodwig
- 52: This was called the Lehen lien
- 53: The grandson of Pippin of Landen
- 54: Soon succeeded in buying off Radbod and Raginfried
- 55: Raginfried and Duke Eudo fled into the south of France
- 56: Under the command of Abderrahman
- 57: Alemannia lost its Duke and became a Frank province
- 58: Defeated the Longobards in several battles
- 59: But Pippin transferred them to the Pope
- 60: And the kingdom of the Longobards
- 61: Charlemagne sent his best troops
- 62: Met Wittekind in the Teutoburger Forest
- 63: As far eastward as the rivers Theiss and Raab
- 64: They made repeated incursions across the Ebro
- 65: Who in return equipped and supported them
- 66: The emperors of the carolingian line
- 67: Also a grandson of Charlemagne
- 68: While Lothar allied himself with the sons of Pippin
- 69: The three rival brothers met in 843
- 70: The Norsemen came down upon his coasts
- 71: He had made the former Duke of Carinthia
- 72: Arnulf was everywhere victorious Karl the Fat
- 73: Arnulf took Rome by force of arms
- 74: At a Diet held at Forchheim near Nuremberg
- 75: And he asked the Diet to confer it on Konrad
- 76: But Arnulf of Bavaria made preparations for resistance
- 77: After a successful invasion of Bohemia
- 78: Treasures and accumulated plunder in Henry's hands
- 79: Eberhard allied himself with Thankmar
- 80: He suddenly appeared before Otto
- 81: And this excited the jealousy of Ludolf and Konrad
- 82: And returned to Italy in the autumn of 966
- 83: Invasion of Lothar of France
- 84: Had the assistance of Willigis
- 85: Took Crescentius prisoner and beheaded him
- 86: And the latter returned to Italy in 1001
- 87: Arduin of Ivrea succeeded in inciting the Lombards to revolt
- 88: Twelfth Century Sidenote 1024
- 89: Sent his crown and sceptre to Konrad II
- 90: Especially of the Archbishop Heribert of Milan
- 91: And made them abbots and bishops
- 92: While he subdued Godfrey of Lorraine
- 93: Hanno visited the Empress at Kaiserswerth
- 94: The Imperial castle near Goslar
- 95: And finally adjourned to meet in Augsburg early in 1077
- 96: The Countess Matilda of Tuscany
- 97: The capture of Jerusalem by Godfrey in 1099
- 98: Konrad of Hohenstaufen succeeds
- 99: And was in fact overlooked by Calixtus II
- 100: Duke of Bavaria grandson of Duke Welf
- 101: While the other Pope Anaclete II
- 102: And Waiblinger Ghibelline that of the German Emperor
- 103: His mother was a Welf princess
- 104: Frederick answered by capturing Arnold of Brescia
- 105: Lodi and Como rejoiced over this barbarity
- 106: Had not only rebuilt Milan and Tortona
- 107: He gave a grand tournament and festival at Mayence
- 108: And first of all Frederick Barbarossa
- 109: When a Norman insurrection recalled him to Sicily
- 110: Murder of Philip of Hohenstaufen
- 111: The latter hastened back to Germany in 1212
- 112: He went to the East with a large force in 1228
- 113: And succeeded in taking Waldemar and his son prisoners
- 114: Frederick conquered and deposed Frederick the Quarrelsome
- 115: Peter de Vinea his companion for thirty years
- 116: Frederick was almost broken hearted
- 117: And when Konradin entered Rome
- 118: Konradin having been carried to Naples
- 119: Henry Raspe and William of Holland
- 120: Then followed the Knights Templar
- 121: The decree which changed a vassal
- 122: Freiburg and Cologne with many others
- 123: The most of these poems are written in a Suabian dialect
- 124: Richard of Cornwall died in 1272
- 125: Who were also allied with king Ottokar II
- 126: And then marched against Ottokar with a much inferior force
- 127: And he thus secured their votes for Adolf
- 128: He claimed Thuringia and Meissen
- 129: The second Pope after Bonifacius
- 130: The war was prolonged until 1322
- 131: And Ludwig enjoyed an undisputed authority
- 132: He is always called Ludwig the Bavarian
- 133: Soon afterwards Guenther of Schwarzburg died
- 134: By having his son Wenzel proclaimed his successor
- 135: The capital of which was established at Marienburg
- 136: 000 Austrian and Suabian knights
- 137: A priest named John of Nepomuck
- 138: The reign of sigismund and the hussite war
- 139: While Wenzel insisted that he was still Emperor
- 140: In the autumn of the year 1414
- 141: Huss was publicly burned to death the same day
- 142: King Wenzel arrested some of the ringleaders
- 143: Commander in the hope of God of the Taborites
- 144: Witold sent his nephew Koribut
- 145: Concluded a treaty with the Hussites
- 146: The foundation of the hapsburg dynasty
- 147: Under the influence of AEneas Sylvius
- 148: And George Podiebrad by the Bohemians
- 149: To gain possession of Lorraine and Alsatia
- 150: He succeeded in establishing a new Suabian League
- 151: With the troops of the Suabian League
- 152: Other Changes under Maximilian
- 153: Maximilian had just married Blanca Maria Sforza
- 154: And in 1508 became a party to the League of Cambray
- 155: The Archbishoprics of Magdeburg and Luebeck
- 156: When he was secretary to Frederick III
- 157: The head quarters of the Vehm were in Westphalia
- 158: His Professorship at Wittenberg
- 159: Had founded a new University at Wittenberg
- 160: The meeting took place at Altenburg in 1519 the Nuncio
- 161: The latter was the grandson of Maximilian
- 162: Luther was called upon to retract them
- 163: Was in security in a castle called the Wartburg
- 164: And by the end of the year 1525
- 165: Was compelled to call a Diet at Speyer
- 166: Was with difficulty induced to meet Zwingli
- 167: And thus Wuertemberg was added to the League
- 168: When the Bishop of Muenster finally took the city
- 169: The pastor of the church at Eisleben
- 170: But the two chiefs of the Schmalkalden League
- 171: The Emperor proclaimed what was called the Augsburg Interim
- 172: In accordance with the stipulations of the Treaty of Passau
- 173: Melanchthon did his utmost to restore harmony
- 174: In the priestly territories of Cologne
- 175: Grumbach was tortured and executed
- 176: Character of Ferdinand of Styria
- 177: Styria was at that time Protestant
- 178: Matthias was elected Emperor of Germany
- 179: Count Thun was marching on Vienna
- 180: Count Ernest of Mansfeld and Prince Christian of Brunswick
- 181: By the united forces of Mansfeld and Prince Christian
- 182: Had in the meantime concluded a peace with Bethlen Gabor
- 183: Mansfeld marched against Wallenstein
- 184: This required that two archbishoprics
- 185: When Wallenstein was dismissed
- 186: Gustavus relieved Pomerania from the Imperial troops
- 187: Gustavus Adolphus has been blamed
- 188: After attacking Ingolstadt without success
- 189: As he passed on through Weimar to Naumburg
- 190: Richelieu had an ambassador at Heilbronn
- 191: Wallenstein stated what Ferdinand II
- 192: Wuertemberg and Baden remained on his side
- 193: More than one army was sent to the relief of Breisach
- 194: Again Torstenson appeared before Vienna
- 195: All Southern Alsatia with the fortress of Breisach
- 196: Declared the Treaty of Westphalia null and void
- 197: Spaniards and Italians on the Catholic
- 198: The Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns
- 199: He was forced to give up Western Pomerania
- 200: Ordered Montecuccoli to make war in earnest
- 201: Again betrayed Germany in the peace of Nymwegen
- 202: Max Emanuel took Belgrade in 1689
- 203: And in 1697 Augustus the Strong of Saxony
- 204: Marlborough enters Germany
- 205: The Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria and his brother
- 206: Marlborough and Prince Eugene required
- 207: And Marshal Villars placed in command
- 208: Enlargement of Prussia and Hannover
- 209: 000 thalers Denmark received Schleswig
- 210: Despotic organization of industry
- 211: Austria became the ideal of the German nobility
- 212: King Stanislas fled in the disguise of a cattle dealer
- 213: Frederick alone against Austria
- 214: Katte was arrested before he could escape
- 215: Whose grandmother was a Hapsburg
- 216: And in the spring of 1742 he marched into Bohemia
- 217: Thus ended the Second Silesian War
- 218: 000 thalers invested in commerce will yield eight per cent
- 219: To use this opportunity to recover Silesia
- 220: Hastened onwards and met Daun at Kollin
- 221: Near the little town of Leuthen
- 222: But as often restored by the bravery of General Seidlitz
- 223: Regained possession of Hannover
- 224: Marshal Laudon and the Russian commander
- 225: On the Baltic coast half Pomerania was in their hands
- 226: And in other ways damaged the interests of Prussia
- 227: Maria Theresa and her Government
- 228: Even Maria Theresa desired peace
- 229: He determined to transform Austria
- 230: Flanders declared itself independent of Austria
- 231: Among the Catholic Archbishops
- 232: Suwarrow in Italy and Switzerland
- 233: Cultivated friendly relations with Prussia
- 234: Was to take possession of Alsatia
- 235: Frederick William himself marched to Warsaw
- 236: Jourdan returned a second time
- 237: The Congress continued to sit at Rastatt
- 238: Moreau easily broke through this barrier
- 239: And this gave him a pretext for invading Hannover
- 240: And some smaller territory to Baden and Wuertemberg
- 241: And married Stephanie Beauharnais
- 242: In the second Auerstaedt Marshal Davoust
- 243: Hardenberg had been dismissed from the Prussian Ministry
- 244: The Tyrolese leaders were Andreas Hofer
- 245: He deceived the Archduke by a heavy cannonade
- 246: Napoleon was all powerful in Germany
- 247: In the territory of the Rhine Bund
- 248: But the Prussian people were ready for it
- 249: And a third in the North under Bernadotte
- 250: Narrowly escaped capture Schwarzenberg
- 251: While Schwarzenberg advanced by a more southerly route
- 252: Granting to France the boundaries of 1792
- 253: Bluecher defended himself desperately
- 254: East Friesland was taken from Prussia and given to Hannover
- 255: Wuertemberg and Hesse Darmstadt in 1819
- 256: Was to counteract the popular rights
- 257: There was no change in the condition of Austria
- 258: The Diet at Frankfort had caught the alarm
- 259: Who insisted that Austria should be included
- 260: Dembinski and a few other followers
- 261: Based on representation Saxony and Hannover at first joined
- 262: That Prussia would certainly have yielded to it
- 263: Reorganization of the Prussian Army
- 264: Prussia to govern in Schleswig and Austria in Holstein
- 265: Another from the Rhine entered Cassel on the 19th
- 266: While Frederick Karl and Herwarth
- 267: Schleswig Holstein and the City of Frankfort added nearly 5
- 268: Was compelled to transfer Venetia to Italy
- 269: A dispatch was sent to Benedetti Be rough to the king
- 270: Illustration METZ AND VICINITY
- 271: Mac Mahon had the outer and longer line
- 272: And retired to the castle of Bellevue
- 273: Then besieged by General Werder
- 274: The Ultramontane Party in Opposition to the Government
- 275: Chief among it were the Ultramontanes or Papal party
- 276: And she strove to reorganize and enlarge her army
- 277: Being favored by the Chancellor
- 278: In 1886 the time approached for a new military budget
- 279: Since the successor of Ludwig II
- 280: In the following year the Triple Alliance was renewed
- 281: The Field Marshal Count Moltke
- 282: The Cimbrians and Teutons invade Italy
- 283: Chlodwig defeats the Burgundians
- 284: Arnulf defeats the Norsemen in Belgium
- 285: Otto subjects the German Dukes
- 286: Excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX
- 287: War of Suabian cities with Count Eberhard
- 288: Is appointed professor at Wittenberg
- 289: Capture of John Frederick of Saxony
- 290: Frederick William of Brandenburg
- 291: East Friesland annexed to Prussia
- 292: France declares war against Austria and Prussia
- 293: Conference at London concerning Schleswig Holstein
- 294: The Prince of Augustenburg in Holstein
