A HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES
By
DAVID P. BARROWS, Ph.D.
General Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Philippine Islands
New York . Cincinnati . Chicago
American Book Company
PREFACE
This book has been prepared at the suggestion of the educational authorities for pupils in the public high schools of the Philippines, as an introduction to the history of their country. Its preparation occupied about two years, while the author was busily engaged in other duties,--much of it being written while he was traveling or exploring in different parts of the Archipelago. No pretensions are made to an exhaustive character for the book. For the writer, as well as for the pupil for whom it is intended, it is an introduction into the study of the history of Malaysia.
Considerable difficulty has been experienced in securing the necessary historical sources, but it is believed that the principal ones have been read. The author is greatly indebted to the Honorable Dr. Pardo de Tavera for the use of rare volumes from his library, and he wishes to acknowledge also the kindness of Mr. Manuel Yriarte, Chief of the Bureau of Archives, for permission to examine public documents. The occasional reprints of the old Philippine histories have, however, been used more frequently than the original editions. The splendid series of reprinted works on the Philippines, promised by Miss Blair and Mr. Robertson, was not begun in time to be used in the preparation of this book. The appearance of this series will make easy a path which the present writer has found comparatively difficult, and will open the way for an incomparably better History of the Philippines than has ever yet been made.
The drawings of ethnographic subjects, which partly illustrate this book, were made from objects in the Philippine Museum by Mr. Anselmo Espiritu, a teacher in the public schools of Manila. They are very accurate.
Above every one else, in writing this book, the author is under obligations to his wife, without whose constant help and encouragement it could not have been written.
David P. Barrows.
Manila, Philippine Islands, March 1st, 1903.
CONTENTS.
Page
I. The Philippines as a Subject for Historical Study 9 II. The Peoples of the Philippines 25 III. Europe and the Far East about 1400 A.D. 42 IV. The Great Geographical Discoveries 61 V. Filipino People Before the Arrival of the Spaniards 88 VI. The Spanish Soldier and the Spanish Missionary 108 VII. Period of Conquest and Settlement, 1565-1600 125 VIII. The Philippines Three Hundred Years Ago 156 IX. The Dutch and Moro Wars, 1600-1663 187 X. A Century of Obscurity and Decline, 1633-1762 212 XI. The Philippines During the Period of European Revolution, 1762-1837 231 XII. Progress and Revolution, 1837-1897 259 XIII. America and the Philippines 287 Appendix 321 Index 325
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A History of the Philippines by David P. Barrows
- 2: To the Philippine people themselves
- 3: In the Philippines is most fortunate
- 4: The European Race and the Filipino People
- 5: The original copies made by Pigafetta have disappeared
- 6: The Conquista de las Islas Filipinas
- 7: Navarrete arrived in these islands in 1648
- 8: Catalogo abreviado de la Biblioteca Filipina
- 9: Historical Work for the Filipino Student
- 10: Which certainly has no relationship at all with Malayans
- 11: The Negritos still have this wild
- 12: In other parts of Malaysia they are Mohammedans
- 13: Like the Igorrotes of Benguet and the Tinguianes of Abra
- 14: Influence of Hindu Culture on the Malayan Peoples
- 15: He came to Maguindanao with a band of followers
- 16: This lord swore allegiance to some still more powerful man
- 17: And feudalism was already declining
- 18: The Seljuk Turks had conquered most of Asia Minor
- 19: But the Levant had not produced them
- 20: Extent of Geographical Knowledge
- 21: Marco Polo Visits the Great Kaan
- 22: Owning allegiance to the shoguns
- 23: The Malay peninsula was divided
- 24: Exploration of the African Coast
- 25: The Successful Voyage of Vasco da Gama
- 26: The Voyage of Christopher Columbus
- 27: Here he discovered the great Orinoco River
- 28: And in 1520 he was King of Spain
- 29: The Voyage of Hernando Magellan
- 30: When they reached the Ladrones
- 31: Leaving Limasaua the fleet sailed for Cebu
- 32: Still searching for the Moluccas
- 33: Whom El Cano had left at Tidor
- 34: They were mingling with the Tagalog population
- 35: Which has been called the Malayo Polynesian
- 36: 8 Systems of Writing among the Filipinos
- 37: Use a similar syllabary to this day
- 38: Or cover their bodies with sarongs
- 39: At the head of each barangay was a chief known as the dato
- 40: But who owed to dato or maharlica heavy debts of service
- 41: The Tagalog called this deity Bathala
- 42: In order to understand the history of the Philippines
- 43: Which held extensive encomiendas
- 44: Were obliged to pass through Seville
- 45: Who had successively followed Loaisa and El Cano in command
- 46: Under command of Lopez de Villalobos
- 47: Villalobos was blown southward by storms to Gilolo
- 48: The Dominican friars did not live in communities
- 49: Cause of Settlement and Conquest of the Philippines
- 50: Legaspi performed the ceremony of blood covenant
- 51: Here Legaspi established himself
- 52: Legaspi dispatched his grandson
- 53: A little later the raja Lacandola died
- 54: Exploration of the Coast of Northern Luzon
- 55: Legaspi was extremely fortunate in his captains
- 56: They landed suddenly in the Gulf of Lingayen
- 57: And turned south to the Moluccas
- 58: The Appointment of Governor Ronquillo
- 59: Ronquillo sent against him Captain Carreon
- 60: Another embassy from the king of Cambodia arrived
- 61: Reestablishment of the Audiencia
- 62: Van Noort was able to extinguish the fire on his vessel
- 63: Even of the little Catanduanes
- 64: To punish certain encomenderos
- 65: And Leyte were also in disturbance
- 66: Salazar details how prices had evilly increased
- 67: As these barangays were grouped into pueblos
- 68: In charge of three Franciscans
- 69: Arevalo had about eighty Spanish inhabitants
- 70: The Rich Cargoes of the Galleons
- 71: Cavendish landed the Spanish on the California coast
- 72: Now commonly known as the Malecon and Luneta
- 73: Importance of Chinese Labor and Trade
- 74: They threw up forts on the site of the Parian and in Dilao
- 75: The Filipino District of Tondo
- 76: The seizure of Portugal by Philip II
- 77: Deprived of their Lisbon trade
- 78: Encouraged by his victory over Wittert
- 79: They were those of Admiral Spilbergen
- 80: Founding of a Spanish Post at Zamboanga
- 81: And the center of the power of the Maguindanao
- 82: Corcuera reconstructed the fort
- 83: Which became the San Lazaro hospital for lepers
- 84: Religious Revolt at Bohol and Leyte
- 85: Koxinga the Chinese Adventurer
- 86: Returned a defiant answer to Koxinga
- 87: Colonization of the Ladrone Islands
- 88: Troubles with the Natives at Guam
- 89: Improvements Made by Governor Bustamante
- 90: The assassins of Bustamante were never brought to justice
- 91: In 1605 two galleons were permitted
- 92: Ineffectiveness of These Restrictions
- 93: Conversion of the Sultan Alim ud Din
- 94: Arandia was one of the few men of talent
- 95: Death of Arandia and Decline of the Colony
- 96: The Philippines under the English
- 97: Independent Spanish Capital under Anda at Bulacan
- 98: And Leyte were completely under their spiritual jurisdiction
- 99: Which was founded by Basco in 1780
- 100: Conquest of the Batanes Islands
- 101: The continued presence of the Moros in Mindoro
- 102: Following the French Revolution
- 103: Apart from the bloody acts of the years from 1793 to 1795
- 104: Limited Trade with the Philippines
- 105: In Ilocos this subordinate class
- 106: The New Provinces of Benguet and Abra
- 107: The exports of Sual consisted only of rice
- 108: And as the aspirations of the Filipinos increased
- 109: Apolinario was captured and executed
- 110: Claveria nominated as governor of Nueva Vizcaya
- 111: An island adjacent to Balanguingui
- 112: Treaty with the Sultan of Jolo
- 113: 91 Liberal Ideas among the Filipinos
- 114: Nearly every town in the Philippines
- 115: A Filipino Movement for Reform
- 116: Two hundred native soldiers at the Cavite arsenal rose
- 117: And General Polavieja replaced him
- 118: Rizal was sentenced to execution
- 119: Framed the American Constitution
- 120: Sympathy of American People for the Oppressed Cubans
- 121: Aguinaldo returned from Singapore
- 122: Provisional Government of the Filipinos
- 123: This new government was framed at Malolos
- 124: The Filipino army had its headquarters in Tarlac
- 125: Upon the southern Ilocano coast
- 126: Irregular Warfare of the Filipinos
- 127: Sent to a military prison on the island of Guam
- 128: The Insular Cold Storage and Ice Plant
- 129: Three of whom at the present time are Filipinos
- 130: Through territorial governments
- 131: Like the Philippines under the American government
- 132: 1618 1624 Don Alonso Faxardo y Tenza
- 133: 1806 1810 Don Mariano Fernandez de Folgueras
- 134: In the opinion of Professor Blumentritt
- 135: Archivo del Bibliofilo Filipino
- 136: 60 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
- 137: 73 Entrada de la Seraphica Religion
