AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF IRELAND FROM AD 400 TO 1800
by
MARY FRANCES CUSACK
'The Nun of Kenmare'
Illustrations by Henry Doyle
1868
TO THE
RIGHT HONORABLE JUDGE O'HAGAN,
AND TO
HIS SISTER MARY,
FOUNDRESS AND ABBESS OF SAINT CLARE'S CONVENT, KENMARE,
THIS VOLUME
IS AFFECTIONATELY AND RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
By
The Author.
List of Full-Page Illustrations
ETC.
THE EMIGRANTS' FAREWELL SPECIMENS OF ANCIENT IRISH MANUSCRIPTS ST. PATRICK GOING TO TARA KING BRIAN BOROIMHE KILLED BY THE VIKING MARRIAGE OF EVA AND STRONGBOW INTERVIEW BETWEEN MACMURROUGH AND THE OFFICERS OF RICHARD II. INTERVIEW BETWEEN ESSEX AND O'NEILL MASSACRE AT DROGHEDA IRETON CONDEMNING THE BISHOP OF LIMERICK GRATTAN'S DEMAND FOR IRISH INDEPENDENCE O'CONNELL REFUSING TO TAKE THE OATH IRELAND AND AMERICA
PREFACE
TO THE SECOND EDITION.
A demand for a Second Edition of the "Illustrated History of Ireland," within three months from the date of the publication of the First, consisting of 2,000 copies, is a matter of no little gratification to the writer, both personally and relatively. It is a triumphant proof that Irishmen are not indifferent to Irish history--a fault of which they have been too frequently accused; and as many of the clergy have been most earnest and generous in their efforts to promote the circulation of the work, it is gratifying to be able to adduce this fact also in reply to the imputations, even lately cast upon the ecclesiastics of Ireland, of deficiency in cultivated tastes, and of utter neglect of literature.
Nor, as a Catholic and a religious, can I fail to express my respectful gratitude and thankfulness for the warm approbation which the work has received from so many distinguished prelates. A few of these approbations will be found at the commencement of the volume--it was impossible to find space for all. It may be, however, well to observe, that several of the English Catholic bishops have not been less kind and earnest in their commendations, though I have not asked their permission to publish their communications. Some extracts are given from the reviews, which also are necessarily condensed and limited; and, as the Most Rev. Dr. Derry has observed, the press has been most favorable in its criticisms. Even those who differed from the present writer _toto coelo_, both in religion and politics, have not been less commendatory, and, in some instances, have shown the writer more than ordinary courtesy.
Nor should I omit to acknowledge the encouragement which so many gentlemen, both English and Irish, have given to the work, and the assistance they have afforded in promoting its circulation. In a circular, quite recently published in London, and addressed to the members of a society for the republication of English mediaeval literature, gentlemen are called on by the secretary, even at the risk, as he himself admits, of "boring them, by asking them to canvass for orders, like a bookseller's traveller," to assist in obtaining additional subscribers to the series, and he requests every subscriber "to get another at once." I am happy to say that, without such solicitation on our part, many Irish gentlemen have done us this kindness, and have obtained not one, but many orders from their friends. I confidently hope that many more will exert themselves in a similar manner, for the still wider dissemination of the Second Edition. It is a time, beyond all others, when Irish history should be thoroughly known and carefully studied. It is a disgrace to Irishmen not to know their history perfectly, and this with no mere outline view, but completely and in detail. It is very much to be regretted that Irish history is not made a distinct study in schools and colleges, both in England and Ireland. What should be thought of a school where English history was not taught? and is Irish history of less importance? I have had very serious letters complaining of this deficiency from the heads of several colleges, where our history has been introduced as a class-book.[A]
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: An Illustrated History of Ireland from AD 400 to 1
- 2: And discarded temporal prosperity
- 3: Morally Ireland was never conquered
- 4: Ireland will cease to accuse England of injustice
- 5: Even were not Irish history exceptional
- 6: I am not a little indebted to the Rev
- 7: For ten thousand Irish ladies knowing the history of Ireland
- 8: If it does not justify Fenianism
- 9: Until grievances are thoroughly understood
- 10: Their tenure was the tenure of the sword
- 11: Added a new sting to the land grievance
- 12: Although the penal laws have been repealed
- 13: Who was ejected from her farm for harbouring the poor boy
- 14: None but the very poorest will accept such alms
- 15: Respectable farmers are emigrating
- 16: I see many of these poor people in Queenstown every day
- 17: It recoils upon them indirectly
- 18: The Pall Mall Gazette argues if
- 19: The Saltair of Cashel Important MSS
- 20: The BOOK OF THE UACHONGBHAIL pron
- 21: The compilation of Cormac's Saltair
- 22: On the authority of the Cin of Drom Snechta
- 23: The Leabhar buidhe Mhic Murchadha
- 24: Illustration DOORWAY OF CLONMACNOIS
- 25: Which was called the Cin of Drom Snechta
- 26: Who was contemporary with Tighernach
- 27: The Chronicum Scotorum was compiled by Duald Mac Firbis
- 28: A poor friar of the Order of St
- 29: Is the taking of Erinn by the Lady Ceasair
- 30: Indicates an early colonization
- 31: 23 Illustration BEREHAVEN FOOTNOTES 15 Erinn
- 32: The account in the Chronicum Scotorum runs thus Kal
- 33: Which containeth from Inver Colpe
- 34: Sreng was armed with two heavy
- 35: And obtained the advice of the great Daghda
- 36: Of right belongs to the Dananns
- 37: There are others at Cnoc Aine and Cnoc Greine
- 38: Which from him were named Magoges
- 39: And claim the Phoenicians as their principal colonizers
- 40: Indicates his knowledge of the existence of Erinn
- 41: The Irish have no real grievances
- 42: To take it from the Tuatha De Dananns
- 43: The brothers Eber Finn and Eremon divided it between them
- 44: This ancient rath still exists
- 45: Like most ancient national chronologies
- 46: Together with the laegha laidhibh
- 47: With the brothers Eber and Eremon
- 48: As well as the Historical Monuments
- 49: Keating impugns the veracity of Solinus
- 50: The first ten books of Livy are extant
- 51: Niebuhr supposes that the entire history of the Roman
- 52: The treacherous Cobhthach feigned sickness
- 53: The harper Craftine came to the rescue
- 54: The expedition of the Tain bo Chuailgne took place
- 55: 91 Agricola gave his protection to one of its petty kings
- 56: The Attacotti elected their leader
- 57: Whence the province of Leinster has derived its name
- 58: The Four Masters style him the very intelligent Morann
- 59: It is termed The Origin of the Boromean Tribute
- 60: Cormac assumed the reins of government at Tara
- 61: Which was named the Saltair of Teamhair
- 62: Slighe Mor was the Eiscir Riada
- 63: Though promulgated by the feeblest of its plebeians
- 64: Nemthur and Campus Taberniae are identified
- 65: With noble and unexampled generosity
- 66: Bernard mentions this Bachall Isu
- 67: They were encountered by Dicho
- 68: The real meaning of et ideo non exivit ultra would be
- 69: Victoricus who suffered martyrdom at Amiens
- 70: Where King Laeghaire was holding a great pagan festival
- 71: That although Laeghaire lived and died an obstinate pagan
- 72: Patrick for this royal convert
- 73: Fiacc had been a disciple of Dubtach
- 74: And desired him to return to Saull
- 75: Fergus Mac Nessa was rightfully king at the time
- 76: Who were descendants of the Irish Dalriada
- 77: Brigid belonged to an illustrious family
- 78: Columba and Brigid on either side
- 79: Has a historical relation to the reliquary itself
- 80: Patrick wrote his celebrated letter to Caroticus
- 81: The body of Laeghaire was brought afterwards from the south
- 82: Gaul was the head quarters of druidism
- 83: Druidism probably sprung from magism
- 84: Still call the custom superstitious
- 85: The pagan custom still remains
- 86: Gave a deathblow to Grecian philosophy and jurisprudence
- 87: The able editor and translator of the Seanchus Mor
- 88: But the Germans are manifestly born philologists
- 89: The Ogham alphabet is called beithluisnion
- 90: The Ogham alphabet consists of lines
- 91: But the presence of Christian emblems
- 92: This urn was found in a tumulus
- 93: Discovered in or near each crannoge
- 94: The peculiar objects called celts
- 95: The Seanchus Mor was sometimes called Cain Phadruig
- 96: Each quipus was in the care of a quiper carnayoe
- 97: Which desolated Ireland in the year 543
- 98: Tuathal 173 built the royal seat of Tlachtga
- 99: It is said that his war with Guaire
- 100: When Brendan had attained his fifth year
- 101: Brendan must have been at that time at least sixty years old
- 102: Which was called the Canon of Adamnan
- 103: Columbanus was born about the year 539
- 104: Thence he directed his course to Bregentz
- 105: Fursey died on the 16th January
- 106: Commonly called Aengus the Culdee
- 107: Hugh referred the matter to Fothadh
- 108: The apostle of stainless Erinn
- 109: Brendan was widely diffused in the Middle Ages
- 110: And formed their hymns upon the rules of Irish versification
- 111: Who should succeed each other in Ireland
- 112: Aedh Allan commemorated her virtues in verse
- 113: And Mayo was called Mayo of the Saxons
- 114: Then the Vikings may be termed brave
- 115: The northern Hy Nials alone remained belligerent
- 116: The illustrious Cormac was so profound a master
- 117: Nial Glundubh was amongst the slain
- 118: From Ath cliath to Ath Truisten
- 119: But the obituaries of abbots or monks
- 120: Armagh was divided into three parts trian more
- 121: He sent word to Sitric he would visit him
- 122: The design of Sitric against him
- 123: He seized Sitric round the neck
- 124: Between the great tribe of Dalcassians
- 125: But his family were Dalcassians
- 126: Brian then gave his daughter in marriage to Sitric
- 127: Compelling the Cinel Eoghain to give him hostages
- 128: Sitric gave the required promise
- 129: Under the command of Brodir and Siguard
- 130: But Murrough performed prodigies of valour
- 131: The Saga states that Brodir knew Brian
- 132: In which even the wounded Dalcassians joined
- 133: In the Introduction to the Wars of the Gaedhil
- 134: Brian did not live to receive the last sacraments
- 135: The authorship of the Wars of the Gaedhil and the Gall
- 136: His principal opponents were the Mac Loughlins of Aileach
- 137: Was slain by the Ulidians this year
- 138: And Thomond to the sons of Dermod O'Brien
- 139: He wrote an earnest epistle to Turlough O'Brien
- 140: His remains were interred at Clairvaux
- 141: Turlough O'Brien was deposed by Teigue in 1151
- 142: The particular friend and ally of Dermod Mac Murrough
- 143: The daughter of the English Earl Godwin
- 144: Rude walls have been formed the raths
- 145: The crannoge was another kind of habitation
- 146: The cauldron has been greatly admired
- 147: At Tara there were different apartments
- 148: Observes that the drink was not aqua vitae to him
- 149: Specimens of bog butter are still preserved
- 150: Chessboards at least were plentiful
- 151: And the sculptured harp at Nieg
- 152: From the collection of the Royal Irish Academy
- 153: That chariot races preceded horse races in ancient Erinn
- 154: This celt is the largest discovered in Ireland
- 155: Accounts will be given later of the use of aqua vitae
- 156: In the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
- 157: And long before Dermod had betrayed his country
- 158: Comprising the present baronies of Forth and Bargy
- 159: Who had married a daughter of Dermod
- 160: Had again revolted against Dermod
- 161: But Strongbow had a master at the other side of the Channel
- 162: Strongbow and Maurice FitzGerald
- 163: Demetia is the district now called Pembrokeshire
- 164: If we are to believe Cambrensis
- 165: He was accompanied by Strongbow
- 166: And was known as the village of Le Hogges
- 167: And the prelates who assembled there
- 168: He therefore sailed for England from Wexford Harbour
- 169: 000 horse and foot into Offaly
- 170: The battle took place at Thurles
- 171: Brigid in the act of killing him
- 172: The brooch figured above is of great antiquity
- 173: Nam omnes insulae de jure antiquo ex donatione Constantini
- 174: Cambrensis gives some interesting details about it
- 175: Murrough was taken prisoner by his father
- 176: In 1179 several Irish bishops were summoned by Alexander III
- 177: Henry obtained the election of John Comyn to this dignity
- 178: Eraclius then poured forth his indignation upon Henry
- 179: Who had defeated De Courcy in 1178
- 180: Cathal Carragh obtained the services of FitzAldelm
- 181: He also purchased the services of FitzAldelm
- 182: The Newry river is called Owen Glenree fluvius
- 183: FitzHenri came to Ireland with the Geraldines
- 184: England was placed under an interdict in 1207
- 185: The Four Masters give a curious story under the year 1213
- 186: Geoffrey de Marisco still continued Governor of Ireland
- 187: And Hugh Cathal went to claim their assistance
- 188: O'Neill had inaugurated Turlough at Carnfree
- 189: Who had always been hostile to Felim
- 190: Felim 327 returned the following year
- 191: As Connaught had been fairly depopulated
- 192: 328 how much is enfolded in the brief obituary
- 193: And the Canons of Trinity Island
- 194: And of the monastery at Mellifont
- 195: And buried in the Franciscan monastery
- 196: But as the tombs of the MacCarthys
- 197: And the church dedicated in 1474
- 198: Felim at once fled the country
- 199: They were Connor O'Melaghlin and Connor MacCoghlan
- 200: Who succeeded in taking all Burke's castles in Connaught
- 201: The Four Masters give his obituary thus Felim
- 202: The Galls and the Irish of Tara
- 203: And Turlough continued master of Thomond until his death
- 204: With the aid of Carbry O'Melaghlin
- 205: But De Vesci had fled the country
- 206: These hardy Celts generally escaped scot free
- 207: Supposed to be the Second Remembrancer
- 208: Bermingham was arraigned before King Edward
- 209: And the English of Meath and Munster
- 210: And the battle of Dundalk on the 29th of July
- 211: When Felim O'Connor joined Bruce
- 212: Commanded by Lord John Bermingham
- 213: ' Ultimately 'the Lord John Bermingham
- 214: And Schyr Paschall off Florentyne
- 215: This was in the December of 1315
- 216: Bruce's death is generally ascribed to John Mapas
- 217: The following year O'Dowda was killed by Adam Cusack
- 218: In an insulting speech made by Poer to FitzGerald
- 219: The years 1333 and 1334 were disgraced by fearful crimes
- 220: He held the memorable Parliament at Kilkenny
- 221: Or gossipred standing sponsors
- 222: But under the native or Brehon law
- 223: Despite the Statute of Kilkenny
- 224: 000 per annum for his services
- 225: And soon after marched against the indomitable MacMurrough
- 226: MacMurrough made overtures for peace
- 227: For the insults offered to the Irish nation
- 228: And he led an army against MacMurrough
- 229: The first Duke of Lancaster was John of Gaunt
- 230: For Ormonde was a stout Lancastrian
- 231: The daughter of Calvagh O'Connor Faly
- 232: Such were the fruits of a conciliatory policy
- 233: Teigue O'Brien plundered Desmond
- 234: Simnel was made a turnspit in the royal kitchen
- 235: He held a Parliament at Drogheda
- 236: Chief in Ireland of the family of Gherardini
- 237: The name hobbies is a corruption of hobilarius
- 238: Through which Kildare passed his hand
- 239: The ninth and last Catholic Earl of Kildare
- 240: He then quotes the Salus Populi
- 241: And the news of his excommunication followed quickly
- 242: Which resulted in the national schism
- 243: Who hath been the main oppugner
- 244: And these proctors proved so serious an obstacle
- 245: The very living of the Irishry
- 246: 397 The era of religious persecution was thus inaugurated
- 247: The day following we kept the sessions there at Wexford
- 248: Consisted in the sacred vessels and ornaments
- 249: Here reigneth continually coigne and livery
- 250: Pierse resigned his title in favour of Sir Thomas Boleyn
- 251: Meddle with the state of temporal princes
- 252: In the spring of the year 1540
- 253: In 1551 the Lord Deputy Crofts succeeded Sir Thomas Cusack
- 254: To the primatial see of Armagh
- 255: The sons of the late Earl of Kildare
- 256: And only one of its borough towns
- 257: Mentions a convocation of bishops which assembled this year
- 258: 414 The prelate was ably seconded by the Lord Deputy
- 259: I brake with him to kill Shane
- 260: The Lord Chancellor Cusack appears
- 261: The Earls of Ormonde and Desmond had again quarrelled
- 262: That Cusack did not give them their oath so
- 263: Who had accompanied Lord Grey to Ireland in 1579
- 264: It was now despoiled of its revenues
- 265: Sir Philip Carew came to Ireland about this time
- 266: Fitton arrested the Earl of Clanrickarde
- 267: Brian was afterwards sent to Dublin
- 268: Sir Henry Sidney returned to Ireland in 1575
- 269: Sir William Drury was made Lord President of Munster
- 270: An attempt was now made to convert this subsidy into a tax
- 271: He describes himself as fifty four yeres of age
- 272: The halberd was introduced during the reign of Henry VIII
- 273: My dagge was levelled at his heart
- 274: At the earnest request of FitzMaurice
- 275: But the Earl hastened to Kilmallock to exculpate himself
- 276: In 1585 Perrot held a Parliament in Dublin
- 277: And when MacSweeny sent to make purchases
- 278: The Earl followed Miss Bagnal thither
- 279: When he was elected to the chieftaincy
- 280: Persecuted by heathen emperors
- 281: His persecutors hastened after him
- 282: Ormonde thought that the devil had bewitched Bagnal
- 283: Carew attempted to intercept him
- 284: The Lord Deputy was besieging Kinsale
- 285: And where nine barrels of gunpowder were stored
- 286: Who streighte fell to execution
- 287: Which O'Donovan has supplemented with copious notes
- 288: His letter is dated Waterford
- 289: In 1611 the Bishop of Down and Connor was executed in Dublin
- 290: Lawrence to entrap the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel
- 291: Was insulted by Sir George Paulett
- 292: Which was superadded at least at Tully Castle
- 293: Falkland was recalled by the Puritan party
- 294: A Commission of Defective Titles was issued for Connaught
- 295: In 1641 the Queen's confessor was sent to the Tower
- 296: In the meanwhile the exiled Earl of Tyrone was killed
- 297: Sir Phelim O'Neill was at the head of 30
- 298: Chichester himself was a thorough Puritan
- 299: And were accosted by Lord Gormanstown
- 300: It was attended by the Archbishops of Armagh
- 301: Lords Gormanstown and Mountgarret
- 302: Castlehaven was sent against him
- 303: And then passed on to Kilkenny
- 304: Glamorgan produced his credentials
- 305: Even Preston declared for the Nuncio
- 306: Rinuccini now took a high hand
- 307: Rinuccini embarked in the San Pietro once more
- 308: It is addressed to Count Thomas Rinuccini
- 309: Ormonde had garrisoned Drogheda with 3
- 310: A number of the townspeople fled for safety to St
- 311: Through the intervention of Lord Broghill
- 312: Ireton now prepared to lay siege to it
- 313: Illustration Ireton condemning the Bishop of Limerick
- 314: In 1653 the English themselves were nearly starving
- 315: Connaught was selected for two reasons first
- 316: Edmund Spenser's grandson was now commanded to transplant
- 317: One of the gentlemen thus betrayed was Lord Trimbleston
- 318: Prendergast has brought together with so much judgment
- 319: He was present when Daniel Connery
- 320: Wolves had increased so rapidly
- 321: The Anglo Normans dispossessed the native Irish
- 322: And the time serving Ormonde closed the court
- 323: Ormonde connived at the meeting
- 324: In 1677 Ormonde was again appointed Viceroy
- 325: When their better judgment was not bewildered by fanaticism
- 326: The Archbishop suffered at Tyburn
- 327: For education was absolutely forbidden
- 328: Those who were ignorant of the MS
- 329: Illustration INSCRIPTION IN HONOUR OF KEATING
- 330: Unexampled in the history of nations
- 331: Blair was to receive ordination from Mr
- 332: Clad in one of the Waterford rugs
- 333: 164 houses in Dublin which had more than ten
- 334: 180 alehouses and ninety one public brewhouses
- 335: John Stearne was appointed President of Trinity Hall
- 336: A new Tholsel or City Hall was erected in 1683
- 337: A bord clothe was spread on the table
- 338: The cupboard was covered with a carpet
- 339: His standing bed and truckle bed
- 340: And whose conduct Keating had reproved publicly
- 341: Has been published in the Ulster Arch
- 342: But he was soon succeeded by Tyrconnel
- 343: And the young men of Derry closed their gates
- 344: According to the advice of Tyrconnel
- 345: Lord Mountcashel was taken prisoner
- 346: The Williamite army was well supplied
- 347: James now determined on a retreat to the Boyne through Ardee
- 348: The fords at Oldbridge were passable
- 349: Lauzan returned to France with Tyrconnel
- 350: There were brave men and true men in that camp at Athlone
- 351: According to the Williamite historian
- 352: Ginkell threw across a pontoon bridge
- 353: Published in the Ulster Archaeological Journal
- 354: Sarsfield was strongly urged to break faith with the English
- 355: And the Irish Catholics in particular
- 356: Whether Protestant or Catholic
- 357: By introducing the clause known as the Sacramental Test
- 358: These settlements obtained the name of Palatines
- 359: Being almost exclusively Catholics
- 360: That if Irish Catholics suffered
- 361: And eventually by the appellation of Whiteboys
- 362: His friendship was self sacrificing
- 363: Father Sheehy most solemnly declared
- 364: Illustration Grattan demanding Irish Independence
- 365: Grattan interpreted the concession in the fullest sense
- 366: As many more from 1745 to the Revolution
- 367: Coming forth from the Quaker school of Ballitore
- 368: In 1753 Burke arrived in London
- 369: And such help and healing was found for Burke
- 370: Even if the utter incapacity of an obstinate sovereign
- 371: Because his nature was obstinate
- 372: The majority of Irish landlords
- 373: And inaugurate the reign of concession
- 374: For the Lords would not emancipate
- 375: Curran had been called to the bar a few years earlier
- 376: Peers and peeresses secured seats early in the day
- 377: When Irishmen succeed either in literature
- 378: See Curran's Letters and Speeches Dublin
- 379: They were headed by Lord Charlemont
- 380: This was in truth the origin of the United Irishmen
- 381: In 1793 a Relief Bill was passed
- 382: Signed by the Governor of Armagh and thirty magistrates
- 383: The advocate of the United Irishmen
- 384: They should themselves be prosecuted as United Irishmen
- 385: The nobleman superintended the flagellation of Gough
- 386: On the 12th of July he swore their lives away
- 387: Added to the ferocity of our troops
- 388: And were imprisoned at Wexford
- 389: They acted as they had done at Enniscorthy
- 390: The first trial was the quartering of the yeomen
- 391: But Lord Cornwallis had some compunctions
- 392: That the Orangemen frequently met in committees
- 393: Was a respectable farmer named Peter Crowley
- 394: Was undoubtedly Francis Higgins
- 395: Had cotton manufactories at Balbriggan
- 396: 000 carpenters fully employed in Dublin
- 397: In 1805 Grattan entered the Imperial Parliament
- 398: And Ireland was represented by O'Connell
- 399: Pure Celtic blood ran in his veins
- 400: Is known as the Doneraile Conspiracy
- 401: The Solicitor General resumed his address
- 402: Illustration O'Connell refusing to take the Oath
- 403: In 1812 the counties of Tipperary
- 404: Writs of ejectment were then tried
- 405: Should include statistics which could not be disputed
- 406: And knew nothing of emigration
- 407: And few English Protestant serials the courage to publish
- 408: May continually peruse accounts of evictions
- 409: I hear what neither landlords nor agents ever heard
- 410: Antiquities of pre Christian Erinn
- 411: Of O'Scoba of Cluain Mhic Nois or Clonmacnois
- 412: 503 brutality of his soldiers
- 413: 188 attempted second invasion
- 414: 607 entrance into the Imperial Parliament
- 415: Receives title of King of Ireland
- 416: 233 attends synod at Mellifont
- 417: Invented the writing called Ogham Craove
- 418: 534 his indifference about orders
