Produced by Al Haines
THE HARTFORD-LAMSON LECTURES ON THE RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD
AN INTRODUCTION
TO THE STUDY OF
COMPARATIVE RELIGION
BY
FRANK BYRON JEVONS
PRINCIPAL OF BISHOP HATFIELD'S HALL, DURHAM UNIVERSITY, DURHAM, ENGLAND
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1920
_All rights reserved_
COPYRIGHT, 1908,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and electrotyped. Published October, 1908.
Norwood Press J. S. Cushing--Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
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NOTE
The Hartford-Lamson Lectures on "The Religions of the World" are delivered at Hartford Theological Seminary in connection with the Lamson Fund, which was established by a group of friends in honor of the late Charles M. Lamson, D.D., sometime President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, to assist in preparing students for the foreign missionary field. The Lectures are designed primarily to give to such students a good knowledge of the religious history, beliefs, and customs of the peoples among whom they expect to labor. As they are delivered by scholars of the first rank, who are authorities in their respective fields, it is expected that in published form they will prove to be of value to students generally.
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CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 IMMORTALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 MAGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 FETICHISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 PRAYER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 SACRIFICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 MORALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 CHRISTIANITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
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ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
The use of any science lies in its application to practical purposes. For Christianity, the use of the science of religion consists in applying it to show that Christianity is the highest manifestation of the religious spirit. To make this use of the science
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: An Introduction to the Study of Comparative Religi
- 2: The desire is for continued communion
- 3: Belief in such animal reincarnation has
- 4: As a spurious system of religion
- 5: The picking up of a fetich object
- 6: The function of the fetich is anti social
- 7: Which until it is eaten is taboo
- 8: The rite whereby communion was attained
- 9: Is a strange pass for humanitarianism to come to
- 10: An applied science of religion
- 11: The science of religion is a historic science
- 12: In that sense or rather in that tense
- 13: Must have been chronologically prior to the other
- 14: That the object of historic science is historic truth
- 15: Whether it be belief in religion or in science
- 16: Or applications of the science
- 17: Until they are stated as laws of comparative philology
- 18: The homogeneous cannot be other than homogeneous
- 19: By some students of the science of religion
- 20: A yearning and aspiration after God
- 21: May give us the clue to the real nature of fetichism
- 22: Which first suggested his belief
- 23: Can the belief in immortality be eradicated
- 24: Religion is a bond of community
- 25: Either men were originally exempt from death
- 26: McTaggart from the West African Uncle John who
- 27: Deceased chieftains and heroes
- 28: It may be arrested at the very outset
- 29: As the rude Tupinambas of Brazil had to be sterilised
- 30: But is regarded as the reincarnation of the deceased
- 31: When the series of transmigrations is complete
- 32: As the transmigration of character
- 33: If it is to subserve the purposes of morality
- 34: It was not in their eyes spurious
- 35: But though the three ways may and do coexist
- 36: But is not known to be erroneous
- 37: Scientific position that all are irrational
- 38: That is condemned as nefarious
- 39: And next to foster the notion that the arts thus segregated
- 40: With fetichism I deal in another lecture
- 41: Bury in the field certain stones resembling taros
- 42: So far forth as it is nefarious
- 43: But some suspicion of their falsity in some cases does arise
- 44: His attitude to magic will be hostile
- 45: Haddon says Magic and Fetichism
- 46: It is based on a misunderstanding of what fetichism is
- 47: A misrepresentation of fetichism
- 48: And then Professor Hoeffding goes on to say
- 49: In the most developed stage of fetichism
- 50: Now amongst those same tribes the fetich
- 51: That fetichism is in its essence
- 52: Whereas fetichism knows no gods
- 53: Or fetichism passes into polytheism
- 54: According to Professor Hoeffding
- 55: The missionary will find that the heathen
- 56: The reason given by Professor Tylor Primitive Culture
- 57: We find the Masai women praying thus
- 58: But that in this its earlier stage it was unethical Tylor
- 59: Spells may be the origin of prayers
- 60: The Framin song may not be regarded as religious also
- 61: We may consistently argue that the Framin women who sing
- 62: Harassed by the dread of approaching drought or famine
- 63: That is the prayer of the community to Byamee
- 64: The Dieri rites are accompanied by a prayer
- 65: Nassau Fetichism in West Africa
- 66: An antinomy of religious feeling
- 67: His fellow worshippers even in private prayer
- 68: Followed by a sacrificial meal
- 69: Give us bread to morrow also ib
- 70: It is that in the Australian ceremony
- 71: For they have totems of their own
- 72: Both amongst the Euahlayi and other Australians
- 73: But was known only as the Mother of the Maize
- 74: To 198 dissociate the Australian rite
- 75: Frazer systematically calls it
- 76: Forming part of primitive heathendom
- 77: The rites at harvest time or the analogous season
- 78: The rite was reconstituted and not rejected
- 79: But it would be powerless if it had not a fulcrum
- 80: As Hoeffding says Problems of Philosophy
- 81: Either there was no religious cult
- 82: That religious solidarity however is not
- 83: Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas
- 84: Not merely a plurality of individuals
- 85: From the beginning misdeeds are punished
- 86: Which survives where taboo prevails
- 87: The offences now punished by law
- 88: It is only a misinterpretation of experience
- 89: That the proposition is true statically
- 90: As the humanitarian or rationalist assumes
- 91: The self contradictoriness of Buddhism
- 92: For the individual to forego them is as
- 93: Any two stages in its evolution
- 94: It is no longer evolution as understood by science
- 95: Monotheism is pronounced higher than polytheism
- 96: There have been lapses in civilisation
- 97: Though stabbing an effigy is like stabbing the victim
- 98: Allerlei aus Volks und Menschenkunde
- 99: Anthropologie der Naturvoelker
- 100: Logically incompatible with Buddhism
- 101: Implies similarity in the religions compared
- 102: Has no plurality of worshippers
- 103: On antinomy of religious feeling
- 104: And the degradation of religion
- 105: Distinct from chronological order
- 106: Implies gods and their worship
- 107: Of fetichism and religion for society
