A JEWISH CHAPLAIN IN FRANCE
[Illustration: Logo of the MacMillan Company]
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK . BOSTON . CHICAGO . DALLAS ATLANTA . SAN FRANCISCO
MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON . BOMBAY . CALCUTTA MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA. LTD. TORONTO
[Illustration: A group of Jewish welfare workers at Le Mans, France, in March 1919. From left to right, George Rooby, Julius Halperin, Frank M. Dart, Chaplain Lee J. Levinger, Adele Winston, Charles S. Rivitz, David Rosenthal and Esther Levy.]
A Jewish Chaplain in France
BY RABBI LEE J. LEVINGER, M.A., Executive Director Young Men's Hebrew Association, New York City, formerly First Lieutenant Chaplain United States Army
WITH A FOREWORD BY CYRUS ADLER, Ph.D., President of Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, Philadelphia
New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1921
COPYRIGHT 1921, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and printed. Published October, 1921
TO A GOOD SOLDIER WHO SENT ME TO FRANCE AND BROUGHT ME BACK AGAIN-- MY WIFE
FOREWORD
The tendency to "forget the war" is not admirable. Such an attitude is in effect a negation of thought. The agony which shook mankind for more than four years and whose aftermath will be with us in years to come cannot be forgotten unless the conscience of mankind is dead. Rabbi Levinger's book is the narrative of a man who saw this great tragedy, took a part in it and has thought about it.
In all the wars of the United States Jews participated, increasingly as their numbers grew appreciably. They served both as officers and privates from Colonial days. But not until the World War was a Rabbi appointed a Chaplain in the United States Army or Navy for actual service with the fighting forces. President Lincoln appointed several Jewish ministers of religion as chaplains to visit the wounded in the hospitals, but the tradition of the Army up to the period of the Great War, rendered the appointment of a Rabbi as chaplain impossible. The chaplain had been a regimental officer and was always either a Protestant or a Catholic. The sect was determined by the majority of the regiment. When the United States entered the Great War, this was clearly brought out and it required an Act of Congress to render possible the appointment of chaplains of the faiths not then represented in the body of chaplains. Twenty chaplains were thus authorized of whom six were allotted to the Synagogue the remainder being distributed among the Unitarians, who were not included in the Evangelical Churches, and the other smaller Christian sects which had grown up in America.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Jewish Chaplain in France by Lee J. Levinger
- 2: No person could be drafted for a chaplaincy
- 3: Chairman of the Jewish Welfare Board
- 4: Sometimes what else they demand of the chaplain
- 5: Or one chaplain for every twelve hundred men
- 6: Thus the chaplain was fortunately placed
- 7: In the main the work of the chaplain differed little
- 8: Two weeks later I reported at Hoboken for the trip overseas
- 9: We chaplains newly arrived in France
- 10: I spent a single busy day in Tours after leaving Chaumont
- 11: Crying out for Jewish chaplains and other religious workers
- 12: The only objection to these innovations came from the cantor
- 13: Now convalescing at a hospital
- 14: Bringing out the circumstantial evidence against him
- 15: While there I made several trips to Treport
- 16: Our first ruined city was Peronne
- 17: They had broken the Hindenburg Line
- 18: The quarry did not appeal to me when wet
- 19: In a push the chaplain works with the wounded
- 20: Our little village lost windows
- 21: I was awakened at 5 20 by the barrage
- 22: Carries a stretcher with the Medical Corps
- 23: Could hardly be prevented from dropping the stretcher
- 24: The temporary division headquarters
- 25: On the last day we held our burial service
- 26: For the Senior Chaplain of the Division
- 27: After the armistice the front line work
- 28: Amiens was an unsatisfactory place to shop
- 29: Widely scattered about the countryside
- 30: Under the call of the Senior Chaplain
- 31: The worst possible trait to thrifty French country people
- 32: Obtained fourteen days leave to the Riviera
- 33: Where I stopped for a day among the Alps on my return trip
- 34: In addition to the billeting accommodations in every village
- 35: Mihiel sector he had rescued a Torah
- 36: The full program included a Seder
- 37: CHAPTER VITHE JEWISH CHAPLAINS OVERSEAS My experiences
- 38: The chief Jewish chaplain in the B
- 39: As did also Chaplain Benjamin Friedman of the 77th Division
- 40: And Friedman accompanied his own division back
- 41: I quite unexpectedly met Chaplains Freehof
- 42: The Independent Order Brith Abraham
- 43: Was functioning in the overseas forces
- 44: For his fellow soldiers from Scranton
- 45: And distribution of stationery and prayerbooks
- 46: Other centers were established
- 47: That Purim cake received a reputation of its own
- 48: Provided unleavened bread matzoth
- 49: Schiff was equally interested in all the welfare agencies
- 50: Temporary Jewish headboards were supplied overseas
- 51: They often attended a Jewish service
- 52: Every type of heroism and self sacrifice existed
- 53: But in 1917 and '18 he was Captain Marx of the 90th Division
- 54: 000 volunteers among the Jewish men
- 55: He organized a Seder in his own unit in 1918
- 56: First Sergeant Benjamin Kaufman
- 57: Private Robert Friedman of the 102nd Engineers
- 58: Private Silverberg received both the D
- 59: Prejudice made against efficiency
- 60: The chaplain had notified them all
- 61: Father Kelley delivered a sermon of profound inspiration
- 62: Shema Yisroel adonoi elohenu adonoi echod
- 63: Even in modern methods of religious education
- 64: Cowardice and the greatest virtue
- 65: Made for suspicion of the churches and churchmen
- 66: Zionism appealed to them simply as a bold
- 67: Far from the formal sermon of the synagogue
- 68: Thus Judaism as an institution
- 69: In or out of a church or synagogue
- 70: But this was concrete material
- 71: They gave more than the cold decorum of a church
- 72: The canteen had been undertaken by the Y
- 73: The doughboy liked the Ausies
- 74: Aggressive soldiers might fall before this danger
- 75: Sexual vice and sexual disease
- 76: The third was the daughter of my landlady at Montfort
- 77: They knew they were propaganda
- 78: The censorship of letters home
- 79: Left him a prey to doubt and rumor at the time
- 80: It did not mean a code of morals
- 81: Heroism was evoked by the need
- 82: Their complaints were often ridiculous enough
- 83: And every one approached the facts with a theoretical view
- 84: The soldier learned to disregard law
- 85: The regime where men control themselves
- 86: So the Jewish soldier has his own viewpoint toward Judaism
- 87: The churches and the synagogues
- 88: While the young Jew is wholly sympathetic to Zionism
- 89: Judaism and Christianity alike are entering
- 90: They have been adequately answered by Jew and non Jew
- 91: Self respecting American citizenship
- 92: Page 86 Fredman changed to Friedman Samuel Friedman
