Japan
By
David Murray, Ph.D., LL.D.
Late Advisor to the Japanese Minister of Education
Third Edition
London
T. Fisher Unwin
Paternoster Square
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons
1896
Copyright by T. Fisher Unwin, 1894
(For Great Britain)
Copyright by G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1894
(For the United States of America
CONTENTS
Preface. Chapter I. The Japanese Archipelago. Chapter II. The Original And Surviving Races. Chapter III. Myths And Legends. Chapter IV. Founding The Empire. Chapter V. Native Culture And Continental Influences. Chapter VI. The Middle Ages Of Japan. Chapter VII. Emperor And Shogun. Chapter VIII. From The Ashikaga Shoguns To The Death Of Nobunaga. Chapter IX. Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Chapter X. The Founding Of The Tokugawa Shogunate. Chapter XI. Christianity In The Seventeenth Century. Chapter XII. Feudalism In Japan. Chapter XIII. Commodore Perry And What Followed. Chapter XIV. Revolutionary Preludes. Chapter XV. The Restored Empire. Appendix I. List Of Emperors. Appendix II. List Of Year Periods. Appendix III. List Of Shoguns. Appendix IV. Laws Of Shotoku Taishi. Footnotes
PREFACE.
It is the object of this book to trace the story of Japan from its beginnings to the establishment of constitutional government. Concerned as this story is with the period of vague and legendary antiquity as well as with the disorders of mediaeval time and with centuries of seclusion, it is plain that it is not an easy task to present a trustworthy and connected account of the momentous changes through which the empire has been called to pass. It would be impossible to state in detail the sources from which I have derived the material for this work. I place first and as most important a residence of several years in Japan, during which I became familiar with the character of the Japanese people and with the traditions and events of their history. Most of the works treating of Japan during and prior to the period of her seclusion, as well as the more recent works, I have had occasion to consult. They will be found referred to in the following pages. Beyond all others, however, I desire to acknowledge my obligations to the _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan_. A list of the contributors to these transactions would include such names as Satow, Aston, Chamberlain, McClatchie, Gubbins, Geerts, Milne, Whitney, Wigmore and others, whose investigations have made possible a reasonably complete knowledge of Japan. The _Transactions of the German Asiatic Society_ are scarcely less noteworthy than those of her sister society. To these invaluable sources of information are to be added Chamberlain's _Things Japanese_, Rein's _Japan_ and the _Industries of Japan_, Griffis' _Mikado's Empire_, Mounsey's _Satsuma Rebellion_, Dening's _Life of Hideyoshi_, the published papers of Professor E. S. Morse, and the two handbooks prepared successively by Mr. Satow and Mr. Chamberlain.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: Japan by David Murray
- 2: He had been told in China of Chipangu
- 3: The northern extremity at the Tsugaru straits
- 4: It is about sixty miles from Tokyo in a direct line
- 5: The Kiso gawa also rises in the high lands of Shinano
- 6: These were understood to be rice
- 7: Still later the island of Yezo
- 8: And twelve which have between 40
- 9: 71 130 was to chastise and subdue the Yemishi
- 10: Which has often been found among rude people
- 11: The Ainos in their traditions call them Koro pok guru
- 12: The first of these migrations probably took place from Korea
- 13: By a comparison of this work with Nihongi
- 14: Beginning with Jimmu and ending with Nintoku
- 15: Izanagi was overwhelmed with grief at his wife's death
- 16: In order to purify himself from the pollution of hades
- 17: And crunched them and blew them out
- 18: His Impetuous Male Augustness in Izumo
- 19: And he climbed the cassia tree and sat there
- 20: The throat of the tai therefore being examined
- 21: Situated in a district of the island of Tsukushi
- 22: The elder brother undertook to deceive Prince Jimmu
- 23: Known by his canonical name as the Emperor Suizei
- 24: The oldest son of the Emperor Itoku
- 25: If I be truly the dearer to thee
- 26: Thereupon one of his counsellors
- 27: So Yamato dake borrowed from his aunt her female apparel
- 28: He came back to Owari where he had left the Princess Miyazu
- 29: The wife of this emperor was Jingo Kogo
- 30: The fleet of Jingo Kogo landed in the kingdom of Shiraki
- 31: Who afterwards became the Emperor Nintoku
- 32: Chamberlain has done in his translation of the Kojiki
- 33: Thus there are Shinto temples in Kyushu and in Izumo
- 34: Silkworms and their food plant
- 35: Including both the sweet potato and the white potato
- 36: Are without doubt the outgrowth of the primitive stockade
- 37: The nineteenth emperor was Inkyo
- 38: Seeing no way of escape Tsubura
- 39: Thereupon the Heavenly Sovereign
- 40: The son of the Emperor Yuriyaku
- 41: Which the Daijin Umako obtained as his possession
- 42: Who was the sister of the Emperor Yomei
- 43: And two years later the Empress Suiko died
- 44: Sa daijin Minister of the Left
- 45: Situated on the west coast of Kyushu
- 46: The chief actor in this plot was Nakatomi no Kamatari
- 47: In the reign of the Empress Gemmyo A
- 48: Became hereditary in the Fujiwara house
- 49: Other families besides the Fujiwara
- 50: His son Tadazumi became minister of war
- 51: Yoshitomo of the Minamoto clan
- 52: In which Tokiwa had been educated
- 53: Munemori with the reigning emperor Antoku
- 54: Munemori was taken prisoner and decapitated
- 55: Yoshitsune returned to Kyoto and
- 56: After his first visit to Kyoto
- 57: Yoriiye was compelled to yield
- 58: Juntoku was the reigning emperor
- 59: Was implicated in plans against the Hojo
- 60: Which had been sent against Kusunoki Masashige
- 61: The great companion and friend of Kusunoki
- 62: Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was shogun from A
- 63: Particularly the principal daimyos
- 64: The principal of these two fugitives 145 was Anjiro
- 65: The family and relatives of Anjiro
- 66: Kosme de Torres was left in charge and additional helpers
- 67: One of this succession was Ota Nobuhide
- 68: Nobunaga was a skilful general
- 69: The younger brother of Yoshiteru was Yoshiaki
- 70: But Nobunaga met them before they reached Kyoto
- 71: He led his troops to Kyoto and directly to the Honnoji
- 72: Meanwhile Hideyoshi hurried to the temple
- 73: As guardian of the child Samboshi
- 74: He applied to the ex shogun Yoshiaki
- 75: Shimazu received this message with scorn
- 76: That Hideyoshi resolved to make it impossible in Japan
- 77: Ryugu was thrown into the sea
- 78: Many suspect of not being Taiko Sama's son
- 79: The preparations which Hideyoshi made
- 80: One of these generals was Konishi Yukinaga Settsu no kami
- 81: The Chinese army then retired to Pingshang
- 82: Taiko Sama listened with amazement
- 83: The Taiko was buried close to the Daibutsu temple
- 84: Mitsunari had acquired his influence with the Taiko
- 85: Mitsunari himself was a Christian convert
- 86: To Kato Kiyomasa 197 was given the province of Higo
- 87: Ieyasu had for his private residence
- 88: The son and heir of Taiko Sama
- 89: Whom the Jesuit fathers designate as Justo Ucondono
- 90: This proclamation of Ieyasu did not
- 91: Also for denouncing a person who
- 92: The persecution began in its worst form about 1616
- 93: Then because they would not recant they were burnt to death
- 94: They had recanted and been set free
- 95: Unless it might be in Nagasaki
- 96: The peasants of the island of Amakusa
- 97: Koeckebacker himself accompanied her
- 98: And accordingly they returned to Hirado
- 99: Ieyasu was not only a general of eminent abilities
- 100: While Ieyasu continued to reside at Fushimi
- 101: And probably in most cases displaced the kokushu
- 102: Which was already of the kokushu rank
- 103: The principal one katana was about four feet long
- 104: Acting upon these considerations Ieyasu
- 105: Landing in the province of Bungo
- 106: Which Ieyasu tried to recover for them
- 107: These deputations met at the court of Ieyasu
- 108: The English and Dutch vessels accordingly sailed to Japan
- 109: The Legacy of Ieyasu consists of one hundred chapters
- 110: Which came to Japan from China
- 111: Commodore perry and what followed
- 112: But Perry resolutely declined all these enterprising offers
- 113: Although much inferior to the squadron promised
- 114: Go to other countries and engage in active trade
- 115: His son Iesada succeeded him as the thirteenth shogun
- 116: The Russian treaty to Shimoda and Hakodate
- 117: Who were in favor of opening the country
- 118: And for the closing of Shimoda
- 119: Responsibility for them was disclaimed by the daimyos
- 120: The assassins were eighteen ronins of the province of Mito
- 121: And Ito Gumpei the assassin escaped to his own house
- 122: Shimazu continued his journey to Yedo in the summer of 1862
- 123: When they were nearly opposite to the prince's norimono
- 124: In spite of a warning from the Kienchang
- 125: Not only to oppose the moribund government of Yedo
- 126: Twice the shogun's castle in Yedo had been destroyed by fire
- 127: In accordance with the precedent set by Iemitsu
- 128: Thus the Choshu episode was ended
- 129: After the death of Iemochi without direct heirs
- 130: Addressed a letter to the shogun in October
- 131: 312 but really by the agreement of the allied daimyos
- 132: They were both Tokugawa daimyos
- 133: That the castle in Yedo be evacuated
- 134: In the night Enomoto had got up steam
- 135: But by the edict establishing the Meiji year period
- 136: Before his court and an assembly of daimyos
- 137: Announcing the abolition of the daimiates
- 138: When the daimyos surrendered their fiefs
- 139: Himself a Satsuma man and a connection of Saigo
- 140: Saigo determined to reduce it before making further progress
- 141: On this progress with more interest than Mori
- 142: Koken re enthroned 765 770 53 49
- 143: Sakuramachi 1720 1750 31 115
- 144: Japan by David Murray
- 145: Japan by David Murray
- 146: Japan by David Murray
- 147: Dethroned by Nitsuda Yoshisada
- 148: Having been forced to do so by Akechi Mitsuhide
- 149: Formerly thirteenth Prince of Kii
- 150: But when both are unfaithful nothing can be done
- 151: 2 These islands belonged to Russia until 1875
- 152: 15 Resume Statistique Government publication
- 153: 30 See Chamberlain's translation of Kojiki
- 154: See Chamberlain's translation of Kojiki
- 155: 63 See Chamberlain's translation of Kojiki
- 156: 92 Asiatic Society Transactions
- 157: Satow and Hawes' Handbook
- 158: Where Benkei prowled for the purpose of robbing passengers
- 159: See Satow and Hawes' Handbook
- 160: 154 See Dening's Life of Hideyoshi
- 161: 1553 his name was changed to Tokichi Takayoshi
- 162: 193 See Dening's Life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- 163: See Dening's Life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- 164: 212 Asiatic Society Transactions
- 165: Koeckebacker says The rebels counted in all
- 166: See Satow and Hawes' Handbook
- 167: See Satow and Hawes' Hand book
- 168: 258 Notwithstanding this positive prohibition left by Ieyasu
- 169: 264 Official Narrative of the Japan Expedition
- 170: A resident in Kanagawa at this time
- 171: 296 See translation of Kinse Shiriaku
- 172: 310 Translation of Kinse Shiriaku
- 173: 342 From Japanese Chronological Tables
