[Picture: William Shakespeare]
A LIFE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
BY SIDNEY LEE.
_WITH PORTRAITS AND FACSIMILES_
FOURTH EDITION
LONDON SMITH, ELDER, & CO., 15 WATERLOO PLACE 1899
[All rights reserved]
_Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).
_Reprinted December_ 1898 (_Second Edition_); _December_ 1898 (_Third Edition_); _February_ 1899 (_Fourth Edition_).
PREFACE
This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.' But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture. In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.' I have endeavoured to set before my readers a plain and practical narrative of the great dramatist's personal history as concisely as the needs of clearness and completeness would permit. I have sought to provide students of Shakespeare with a full record of the duly attested facts and dates of their master's career. I have avoided merely aesthetic criticism. My estimates of the value of Shakespeare's plays and poems are intended solely to fulfil the obligation that lies on the biographer of indicating succinctly the character of the successive labours which were woven into the texture of his hero's life. AEsthetic studies of Shakespeare abound, and to increase their number is a work of supererogation. But Shakespearean literature, as far as it is known to me, still lacks a book that shall supply within a brief compass an exhaustive and well-arranged statement of the facts of Shakespeare's career, achievement, and reputation, that shall reduce conjecture to the smallest dimensions consistent with coherence, and shall give verifiable references to all the original sources of information. After studying Elizabethan literature, history, and bibliography for more than eighteen years, I believed that I might, without exposing myself to a charge of presumption, attempt something in the way of filling this gap, and that I might be able to supply, at least tentatively, a guide-book to Shakespeare's life and work that should be, within its limits, complete and trustworthy. How far my belief was justified the readers of this volume will decide.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Life of William Shakespeare by Sir Sidney Lee
- 2: Apart from Southampton's association with the sonnets
- 3: Now in the Memorial Gallery at Stratford
- 4: A Life of William Shakespeare by Sir Sidney Lee
- 5: March Henry VI 56 1592
- 6: A Life of William Shakespeare by Sir Sidney Lee
- 7: A Life of William Shakespeare by Sir Sidney Lee
- 8: Shakespeare's death 272 1616
- 9: And Gilbert XVIII AUTOGRAPHS
- 10: A Life of William Shakespeare by Sir Sidney Lee
- 11: A Life of William Shakespeare by Sir Sidney Lee
- 12: Later career 380 1624
- 13: 440 1591 1597 iii
- 14: Richard of Snitterfield certainly had a son Henry
- 15: About 1551 John Shakespeare left Snitterfield
- 16: His chief property at Wilmcote
- 17: With his wife's property of Asbies
- 18: At schools of the type of that at Stratford
- 19: Of the few English books accessible to him in his schooldays
- 20: Although the parish of Stratford included Shottery
- 21: Formal betrothal probably dispensed with
- 22: Early in 1585 twins were born to him
- 23: According to Archdeacon Davies of Saperton
- 24: To whom Betterton communicated it
- 25: Which was re enacted in 1596 39 Eliz
- 26: The playhouse in Shoreditch which James Burbage
- 27: 71 as travelling from Verona to Milan by sea
- 28: At Christmas 1594 he joined the popular actors William Kemp
- 29: In the hands of inferior writers or dramatists
- 30: No play by him was published before 1597
- 31: Recalls one in the 'Amphitruo' of Plautus
- 32: ' wrote Nash in his 'Pierce Pennilesse' 1592
- 33: In December 1592 Greene's publisher
- 34: Was in 1592 and 1593 at the zenith of his fame
- 35: The piece was probably composed very early in 1593
- 36: Signor Mercatore consider what you do
- 37: ' To 1594 must also be assigned 'King John
- 38: Obtained a license for the publication of 'Venus and Adonis
- 39: Seven line stanzas Chaucer's rhyme royal
- 40: Was clearly intended by Spenser
- 41: Both singly and in connected sequences
- 42: ' that he became a sonnetteer on an extended scale
- 43: 'Their piratical publication in 1609
- 44: Thorpe gave Hall's initials only
- 45: Whom the Elizabethan sonnetteers
- 46: Or lightly quibbles on his name of 'Will' cxxx
- 47: Or the sonnet of Philippe Desportes invoking 'Sommeil
- 48: ' The dissemination of false sentiment by the sonnetteers
- 49: None but minstrels like of sonnetting
- 50: Handle a theme that Ronsard and Desportes
- 51: To which the sonnetteers likened their mistresses' features
- 52: Every sonnetteer of the sixteenth century
- 53: In one of these Sonnet lxxviii
- 54: Shakespeare's first adequate biographer
- 55: 131b wrote to Southampton in 1598
- 56: Barnabe Barnes probably the rival
- 57: Extravagances of literary compliment
- 58: Which Shakespeare turns to splendid account in Sonnet cvi
- 59: But the two portraits that are now at Welbeck
- 60: And to the release of the Earl of Southampton
- 61: ' he wrote in the concluding lines of Sonnet cvii
- 62: Like all the professional sonnetteers
- 63: Is introduced in dialogue with Willobie
- 64: In a preface signed Hadrian Dorell
- 65: ' which may be tentatively assigned to 1595
- 66: This Wincot forms part of the parish of Quinton
- 67: Locally associated with the village of Wilmcote
- 68: And claimed descent from the historical Sir John Oldcastle
- 69: Shakespeare's purely comic power culminated in Falstaff
- 70: Essex and the rebellion of 1601
- 71: Jonson was of a difficult and jealous temper
- 72: ' which George Eld printed in 1607
- 73: ' wrote Heywood of Shakespeare
- 74: An anecdotal biography of Gamaliel Ratsey
- 75: Had received a 'pattern' of a shield from Clarenceux Cook
- 76: A draft was prepared under the hands of Dethick
- 77: ' Quiney was staying at the Bell Inn in Carter Lane
- 78: Financial position before 1599
- 79: And suffice between 1597 and 1599 to meet his expenses
- 80: And then 'placed' in it 'men players which were Hemings
- 81: At a court baron of the manor of Rowington
- 82: And of the blundering watchmen Dogberry and Verges
- 83: ' The date of 'Twelfth Night' is probably 1600
- 84: ' in which he held up to ridicule Dekker
- 85: Rosencrantz declared that the children 'so berattle i
- 86: In 1602 Shakespeare produced 'Hamlet
- 87: Not to be found in the quartos
- 88: It doubtless suggested the topic to Shakespeare
- 89: Shakespeare comes second and Burbage third
- 90: The Court was temporarily installed at Wilton
- 91: Was known by another name to Cinthio in his story
- 92: The dramatist lavished his sympathy on Banquo
- 93: Timon is cast in the mould of Lear
- 94: Wilkins may safely be credited with portions of 'Pericles
- 95: But to unchecked pride of caste
- 96: The 'pitiful mummery' of the vision of Posthumus V
- 97: ' written by Sylvester Jourdain or Jourdan
- 98: 257a Caliban is an imaginary portrait
- 99: The story of Theobald's piece is the story of Cardenio
- 100: With occasional aid from Massinger
- 101: Shakespeare in 1613 agreed to pay him 140 pounds
- 102: After delivering a sermon in the spring of 1614
- 103: Her right to a widow's dower i
- 104: To each of his Stratford friends
- 105: Shakespeare baptised on November 23
- 106: It reverted to the Clopton family
- 107: 1612 13 since 1858 in the British Museum
- 108: A phototype and a chromo phototype
- 109: This picture is identical with the Droeshout engraving
- 110: The so called 'Jansen' or Janssens portrait
- 111: The Kesselstadt death mask was discovered by Dr
- 112: Freely adapted from the works of Scheemakers and Roubiliac
- 113: In the original edition opens the reissue
- 114: William Aspley and John Smethwick
- 115: It was in progress throughout 1623
- 116: And on the verso or back of the leaf
- 117: 312a The Second Folio was reprinted from the First
- 118: The lost text of the contemporary quartos
- 119: ' Theobald read 'an autumn 'twas
- 120: Although he made some independent collation of the quartos
- 121: A quarrel with Steevens followed
- 122: Often reissued under different designations
- 123: Before 1640 Hales is said to have triumphantly established
- 124: John Crowne with 'Henry VI' 1681
- 125: Betterton gave her husband powerful support
- 126: Colley Cibber 1671 1757 as actor
- 127: Assumed every great part in Shakespearean tragedy
- 128: Alone of literary compositions
- 129: Schlegel translated only seventeen plays
- 130: Each contains useful contributions to Shakespearean study
- 131: ' the first stand in France against the Voltairean position
- 132: Gerbel issued a Russian translation of the 'Sonnets' in 1880
- 133: XXI GENERAL ESTIMATE General estimate
- 134: A little fresh gossip was collected by William Oldys
- 135: Stopes's 'Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries' 1897
- 136: Ward's 'English Dramatic Literature' 1875
- 137: Forgeries promulgated by Collier and others
- 138: Worth 933 pounds 6s
- 139: A warrant appointing Robert Daborne
- 140: The bacon shakespeare controversy
- 141: A voluminous advocate of the Baconian theory
- 142: Southampton was a patron worth cultivating
- 143: Southampton entered his name at Gray's Inn
- 144: Southampton and his friend were
- 145: Southampton was condemned to die
- 146: While Southampton was in Ireland
- 147: ' Nash expresses regret that the great poet
- 148: ' The congratulations of the poets in 1603
- 149: The only begetter of these ensuing sonnets
- 150: Literary work largely circulated in manuscript
- 151: ' His dedicatory address to Edward Blount in 1600
- 152: 'Sonnets by William Shakespeare
- 153: There was a dedicatory epistle
- 154: With the reward of eternitie in the world to come
- 155: And of the common form of dedicatory salutation
- 156: Thorpe rarely used words with much exactness
- 157: The Earl of Pembroke known only as Lord Herbert in youth
- 158: Thorpe's mode of addressing the Earl of Pembroke
- 159: Shakespeare and the earl of pembroke
- 160: The third Earl of Pembroke was Lord Chamberlain in 1623
- 161: It is worth noting that John Aubrey
- 162: Sensual desire shall break it i
- 163: 419 The conceits of sonnets cxxxv vi
- 164: 421a Shakespeare's 'Sonnet' cxxxv
- 165: The concluding couplets of these two sonnets cxxxv
- 166: The housewife sets down her infant and pursues 'the thing
- 167: Of the chief efforts of Shakespeare's rival sonnetteers
- 168: In Daniel's beautiful sonnet xlix
- 169: He has borrowed much from De Baif and Pierre de Brach
- 170: In September 1593 followed Giles Fletcher's 'Licia
- 171: Desportes wrote in 'Les Amours de Diane
- 172: ' which ridicules the legal metaphors of the sonnetteers
- 173: In 1597 there came out a similar volume by Robert Tofte
- 174: With other Affectionate Sonets of a Feeling Conscience
- 175: And Ponthus de Thyard 1521 1605
- 176: Estienne Jodelle 'OEuvres Poetiques' 1574
- 177: Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire in 1438
- 178: Its indebtedness to Shakespeare
- 179: 432 his sonnets to patrons
- 180: 251 translations of Shakespeare in
- 181: 33 36 erects the Blackfriars Theatre
- 182: ' foundation of lost play of Cardenio
- 183: Piratical publication of the sonnets of
- 184: 431 popularity of his sonnets
- 185: Plagiarised indirectly by Shakespeare
- 186: His translations of Petrarch's sonnets
- 187: 259 his edition of Shakespeare
- 188: 306 307 value of the text
- 189: Shakespearean representations in
- 190: 92 identified with William Hall
- 191: 224 225 its central interest
- 192: Performed at the Rose Theatre in 1592
- 193: Translations of Shakespeare in
- 194: Claimed by Shakespeare for his sonnets
- 195: 211 a play of the same title acted in 1594
- 196: Mortgagee of the Asbies property
- 197: 84 scornful allusion to sonnetteering
- 198: 239 performance at the Globe
- 199: 238 For editions see Section xix
- 200: 207 208 date of composition
- 201: 98 182 437 the contents of
- 202: Emulated by Elizabethan sonnetteers
- 203: Alleged prevalence in Stratford on Avon of
- 204: Plagiarised by English sonnetteers
- 205: Representation of Shakespeare by
- 206: 10 welcomes actors at Stratford
- 207: 193 financial position before 1599
- 208: 83 427 428 followed by Thomas Watson
- 209: 320 321 the 'Puck of commentators
- 210: 163 and The Taming of A Shrew
- 211: 42 and n 'Troilus and Cresseid
- 212: 345VVariorum editions of Shakespeare
- 213: 7 mortgage of the Asbies property at
- 214: A collection of sonnets called
- 215: Documents and Sketches in Halliwell Phillipps
- 216: A Whateley family resided in Stratford
- 217: Was a native of Stratford is wholly erroneous
- 218: During the reign of James I scenic decoration
- 219: Jusserand's article in the Nineteenth Century
- 220: An occasional collaborator with Belleforest
- 221: A quarrel between Lopez and Essex followed
- 222: Sonnet 132 Col tempo passa n gli anni
- 223: Shakespeare doubtless knew Florio as Southampton's protege
- 224: But in 1594 a printer and a publisher
- 225: Defined sonnets thus 'Fouretene lynes
- 226: With a list of the sixteenth century sonnetteers of Italy
- 227: Writer of eclogues after the manner of Virgil and Mantuanus
- 228: Although only fifty three were published in 1594
- 229: Barnes's Parthenophe and Parthenophil
- 230: Desportes was also prone to indulge in the same conceit
- 231: Combien de fois ce teint noir qui m'amuse
- 232: ' and that the 'dark lady' is identifiable with Mary Fitton
- 233: Which was also printed in 1594
- 234: 138a Apologie for Poetrie 1595
- 235: Who was merely his literary patroness
- 236: Distill'd from limbecks foul as hell within
- 237: Huntley's Glossary of the Cotswold Dialect
- 238: Is from Bartholomew Griffin's Fidessa 1596
- 239: ' this is figured in French's Shakespeareana Genealogica
- 240: 324 8 204b Halliwell Phillipps
- 241: ' Jonson wrote of Shakespeare in his Timber
- 242: Who at almost every point suggests Kyd
- 243: While in Thersites he denounced Marston
- 244: And the evenings of the following Shrove Sunday
- 245: And to all the Volsces generally
- 246: Reprinted by New Shakspere Society
- 247: Thomas Lorkin to Sir Thomas Puckering
- 248: Shakespeare and the Enclosure of Common Fields at Welcombe
- 249: In commendatory verses before the First Folio of 1623
- 250: Was engraved in mezzotint by G
- 251: But it is described in the Variorum Shakespeare of 1821
- 252: Rymer's Short View of Tragedy' which he addressed to Dryden
- 253: 330b Essay on Dramatic Poesie
- 254: Jahrbuch der Deutsche Shakespeare Gesellschaft for 1894
- 255: 'E non e discordante da questa mia opinione Aristotele
- 256: Addressed a crude sonnet to 'the Beautiful Lady
- 257: As well of the louers of Poets
- 258: 388b See Preface to Davies's Microcosmos
- 259: Which Thorpe first published in 1608
- 260: The owner of the Oscott volume
- 261: Was born plain 'Thomas Sackville
- 262: The chief champion of the hopeless Fitton theory
- 263: They freely italicised others that did not merit it
- 264: And bequeath your crazed quatorzains to the chandlers
- 265: Breton's The Passionate Shepheard
- 266: Giovanni Battista Guarini 1537 1612
