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A MIND THAT FOUND ITSELF
_An Autobiography_
By CLIFFORD WHITTINGHAM BEERS
_First edition, March, 1908 Second edition, with additions, June, 1910 Reprinted, November, 1912 Third edition revised, March, 1913 Reprinted, September, 1913 Reprinted, July, 1914 Fourth edition revised, March, 1917 Reprinted, February, 1920 Fifth edition revised, October, 1921_
Dedicated TO THE MEMORY OF MY UNCLE SAMUEL EDWIN MERWIN WHOSE TIMELY GENEROSITY I BELIEVE SAVED MY LIFE AND WHOSE DEATH HAS FOREVER ROBBED ME OF A SATISFYING OPPORTUNITY TO PROVE MY GRATITUDE
A Mind That Found Itself
I
This story is derived from as human a document as ever existed; and, because of its uncommon nature, perhaps no one thing contributes so much to its value as its authenticity. It is an autobiography, and more: in part it is a biography; for, in telling the story of my life, I must relate the history of another self--a self which was dominant from my twenty-fourth to my twenty-sixth year. During that period I was unlike what I had been, or what I have been since. The biographical part of my autobiography might be called the history of a mental civil war, which I fought single-handed on a battlefield that lay within the compass of my skull. An Army of Unreason, composed of the cunning and treacherous thoughts of an unfair foe, attacked my bewildered consciousness with cruel persistency, and would have destroyed me, had not a triumphant Reason finally interposed a superior strategy that saved me from my unnatural self.
I am not telling the story of my life just to write a book. I tell it because it seems my plain duty to do so. A narrow escape from death and a seemingly miraculous return to health after an apparently fatal illness are enough to make a man ask himself: For what purpose was my life spared? That question I have asked myself, and this book is, in part, an answer.
I was born shortly after sunset about thirty years ago. My ancestors, natives of England, settled in this country not long after the _Mayflower_ first sailed into Plymouth Harbor. And the blood of these ancestors, by time and the happy union of a Northern man and a Southern woman--my parents--has perforce been blended into blood truly American.
The first years of my life were, in most ways, not unlike those of other American boys, except as a tendency to worry made them so. Though the fact is now difficult for me to believe, I was painfully shy. When first I put on short trousers, I felt that the eyes of the world were on me; and to escape them I hid behind convenient pieces of furniture while in the house and, so I am told, even sidled close to fences when I walked along the street. With my shyness there was a degree of self-consciousness which put me at a disadvantage in any family or social gathering. I talked little and was ill at ease when others spoke to me.
Like many other sensitive and somewhat introspective children, I passed through a brief period of morbid righteousness. In a game of "one-old-cat," the side on which I played was defeated. On a piece of scantling which lay in the lot where the contest took place, I scratched the score. Afterwards it occurred to me that my inscription was perhaps misleading and would make my side appear to be the winner. I went back and corrected the ambiguity. On finding in an old tool chest at home a coin or medal, on which there appeared the text, "Put away the works of darkness and put on the armour of light," my sense of religious propriety was offended. It seemed a sacrilege to use in this way such a high sentiment, so I destroyed the coin.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Mind That Found Itself by Beers
- 2: Boyish side was more in evidence on the surface
- 3: Was stricken with what was thought to be epilepsy
- 4: Element known as the Yale spirit
- 5: II On the thirtieth day of June
- 6: I believed myself to be a confirmed epileptic
- 7: It was not that I cared for the dessert
- 8: For both heels struck the ground squarely
- 9: How had this peril overtaken us
- 10: I was a member of the Triennial Committee and though
- 11: But he did not disregard it entirely
- 12: And I believed it to be powdered alum
- 13: Uncanny occurrences were frequent
- 14: I was taken to a private sanatorium
- 15: Soon after I reached my room in the sanatorium
- 16: Simply because the charred crust suggested fire
- 17: Slowly filling the small saucer
- 18: As I was rendered speechless by delusions
- 19: The muff I wore was made of canvas
- 20: After the muff was adjusted and locked
- 21: That I might not injure myself
- 22: As do those who have never been crippled
- 23: Upon unreasonable premises I made most reasonable deductions
- 24: But I sometimes read newspapers
- 25: But to incriminate those whom they impersonated
- 26: No relative or friend was there to greet us
- 27: I soon became accustomed to the rather agreeable routine
- 28: Among them Westminster Review
- 29: Humored my persistent taciturnity
- 30: Professing to be relatives of mine
- 31: There was in the ward a large bath tub
- 32: The 1902 Directory will corroborate them
- 33: My detective mailed the letter
- 34: Suffering from certain forms of mental disorder
- 35: Yet had I failed to convince myself on August 30th
- 36: Underwent treatment for mental disease
- 37: Meekness I could not associate with myself
- 38: As elation befogs one's goal idea
- 39: In a letter written during my second week of elation
- 40: I again asked leave to telephone my conservator
- 41: I did manage to persuade the supervisor
- 42: My desire to telephone my conservator vanished
- 43: Placed in a ward with fifteen other men
- 44: An insane man being choked by a supposedly sane one
- 45: And the latter gave this new attendant certain orders
- 46: A corn cob was the determining factor at this crisis
- 47: Leaving only the graphite core
- 48: I now reasoned that a seeming attempt at suicide
- 49: To be abused as I've been to day
- 50: The former consists in the use of instruments of restraint
- 51: A camisole is a type of straitjacket
- 52: Hyde after he had again assumed the role of Doctor Jekyll
- 53: As my strait jacket rendered me armless
- 54: Doctor Jekyll deceived everyone
- 55: On his arrival he was met by none other than Doctor Jekyll
- 56: I had been classed as a raving maniac
- 57: I soon found the good ward entirely too polite
- 58: My barricade consisted of a wardrobe
- 59: I gave blow for blow and the transom remained in place
- 60: The breathing of foul air was not a hardship
- 61: For which the tearing of druggets served as a vent
- 62: Gravity was harnessed that was all
- 63: Impolite demands were answered with threats and curses
- 64: I was severely cut and bruised
- 65: And troublesome patient was abused because he was violent
- 66: He was in the expansive phase of paresis
- 67: He was a Yankee sailing master
- 68: This man was cruelly assaulted
- 69: Not until sundown was I provided even with a drugget
- 70: Of all sane companionship and of my liberty
- 71: To this I would add a postscript
- 72: In realms Where darkest Darkness becomes Light
- 73: A wealth of Midaslike delusions is no burden
- 74: While I was in one of the best wards
- 75: The letter was in reality a booklet
- 76: That's all an Insane Asylum is
- 77: I shall incidentally prove your own incompetence
- 78: This superintendent took pride in his institution
- 79: Win the privilege of an unlimited parole
- 80: Though allied to delusions of grandeur
- 81: During the negotiations which led to my employment
- 82: To enjoy an almost uninterrupted leisure
- 83: Travelling on this high plane of ideal humanitarianism
- 84: Referring to the betterment of conditions
- 85: Sunday and Monday I spent at the Yale Club
- 86: Or in imminent danger of being arrested
- 87: I then started for the hospital
- 88: As to one in a state of elation
- 89: Nothing can prevent my writing
- 90: To any sensitiveness regarding the subject of insanity
- 91: Just press the button of Injustice
- 92: Choate was then at his summer residence at Stockbridge
- 93: Choate offered the suggestion that produced results
- 94: A presentable draft of my story being finally prepared
- 95: 1906 after reading the first part of your MS
- 96: For your movement must prosper
- 97: Any person who has worked among the insane
- 98: And the fetters broken in pieces
