A number of typographical errors and inconsistencies have been maintained in this version of this book. Typographical errors have been marked with a [TN-#], which refers to a description in the complete list found at the end of the text. A list of words that have been inconsistently spelled or hyphenated is found at the end of the present text. Oe ligatures have been expanded.

The following codes are used for characters that are not present in the character set used for this version of the book.

[=u] u with macron [=o] o with macron [||] double vertical line [+] Dagger [++] Double dagger

NAGUALISM.

A STUDY

IN

Native American Folk-lore and History.

BY

DANIEL G. BRINTON, A.M., M.D., LL.D., D.Sc.,

Professor of American Archaeology and Linguistics in the University of Pennsylvania.

PHILADELPHIA: MACCALLA & COMPANY, PRINTERS, 237-9 DOCK STREET. 1894

_Nagualism. A Study in Native American Folk-lore and History._

_By Daniel G. Brinton, M.D._

(_Read before the American Philosophical Society, Jan'y 5, 1894._)

CONTENTS.

1. The words _Nagual_, _Nagualism_, _Nagualist_. 2. The Earliest Reference to Nagualism. 3. The _Naualli_ of the Aztecs; their Classes and Pretended Powers. 4. The Sacred Intoxicants; the _Peyotl_, the _Ololiuhqui_, the _Teopatli_, the _Yax Ha_, etc. 5. Clairvoyance and Telepathy during Intoxication. 6. The _Naualli_ of Modern Mexico. 7. The _Tonal_ and the _Tonalpouhque_; the Genethliac System of the Nahuas. 8. The Aztec Sodality of "Master Magicians." 9. The Personal Guardian Spirit.

10. Folk-lore of the Mixe Indians. 11. Astrological Divination of the Zapotecs. 12. Similar Arts of the Mixtecs. 13. Nagualism in Chiapas, as Described by Bishop Nunez de la Vega. 14. Nagualism Among the Quiches, Cakchiquels and Pokonchis of Guatemala. 15. The Metamorphoses of Gukumatz. 16. Modern Witchcraft in Yucatan and Central America; the Zahoris and Padrinos.

17. Fundamental Principles of Nagualism, Hatred of the Whites and of Christianity. 18. Its Organization and Extent; its Priesthood. 19. Its Influence in the Native Revolts against the Spanish Power. 20. Exalted Position of Woman in Nagualism. 21. This a Survival from Ancient Times. 22. A Native Joan of Arc. 23. Modern Queens of Nagualism.

24. The Cave-temples and the Cave-gods; Oztoteotl, Tepeyollotl, Votan, etc. 25. The Sacred Numbers, 3 and 7. 26. Fire Worship of the Nagualists. 27. Fire Rights Connected with the Pulque. 28. Fire Ceremonies of the Modern Mayas. 29. Secret Significance of Fire Worship. 30. The Chalchiuites, or Sacred Green Stones. 31. The Sacred Tree and the Tree of Life. 32. The Cross and its Symbolic Meaning. 33. The Lascivious Rites of the Nagualists. 34. Their Relation to the Symbols of the Serpent and the Phallus.

Table of contents (by pages)

• 1: Nagualism by Daniel Garrison Brinton
• 2: Scientific Explanations of Nagual Magic
• 3: These call themselves nanahualtin
• 4: Those who eat or drink of this peyotl see visions
• 5: The ololiuhqui and the peyotl
• 6: To practice this art the sorcerers
• 7: 11 He distinguishes them from the naualli
• 8: Called by the Nahuatl name tlatoques
• 9: An authentic copy of the Mixtec calendar
• 10: The Freemasonry of Nagualism extended
• 11: The Nagual will appear to ratify the bargain
• 12: The healer enters the house of the invalid
• 13: For this in some provinces is called poxlon
• 14: Where its nagual would appear to it
• 15: He will exclaim Tin naualih pe ri puvak
• 16: And he was nothing else than coagulated blood
• 17: And had received extreme unction
• 18: And at least in some localities
• 19: An earlier revolt of the Mayas in Yucatan occurred in 1585
• 20: The patron deity of the nagualists
• 21: Si era de los que avian cogido en guerra
• 22: Enabled them to capture Maria Candelaria
• 23: Which was the sanctuary of the deity called Oztoteotl
• 24: They say further that he once dwelt in Huehuetan
• 25: But directly from the native calendar
• 26: The nagualistic rites were highly symbolic
• 27: Or General Computation of the Calendar
• 28: Or frogs made of it in chalchiuh coconeme
• 29: Was employed to signify the tonalli or nagual
• 30: Ye holy spirits of Juan Vachiac
• 31: Invocation for the Restitution of the Tonal
• 32: The question is addressed to the tonal
• 33: The Chichimec because it aims to destroy life
• 34: Most writers have assumed that it is a Nahuatl
• 35: To know often or thoroughly frequentative
• 36: It is true that de la Serna derives the Mexican naualli
• 37: The phenomena of thought transference
• 38: Historia Plantarum Novae Hispaniae
• 39: Which is at the basis of nagual
• 40: Der Name irgend eines Thieres beigelegt
• 41: Y lo que sucede en esta cordillera en todas sucede
• 42: The word means flying haired Serna
• 43: Historia de la Ciudad de Guatemala
• 44: En donde las ponen los sobre nombres que llaman yahuiltoca
• 45: In the Zeitschrift fuer Voelkerpsychologie
• 46: Und hat mit dem mexikanischen nahualli Hexe
• 47: Nagualism by Daniel Garrison Brinton
• 48: Nagualism by Daniel Garrison Brinton
• 49: Nagualism by Daniel Garrison Brinton
• 50: 56 Restitution of the tonal
• 51: Nagualism by Daniel Garrison Brinton
• 52: 17 enigmaticas should read enigmaticas