A Popular History of France from the Earliest Time
Page 1 of 281
Produced by David Widger
A POPULAR HISTORY OF FRANCE FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES.
By M. Guizot
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VOLUME VI.
XLIX. LOUIS XIV. AND HIS COURT
L. LOUIS XIV. AND DEATH. (1711-1715.)
LI. LOUIS XV., THE REGENCY, AND CARDINAL DUBOIS. (1715-1723.)
LII. LOUIS XV., THE MINISTRY OF CARDINAL FLEURY. (1723-1748.)
LIII. LOUIS XV., FRANCE IN THE COLONIES. (1745 -1763.)
LIV. LOUIS XV., THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. --MINISTRY OF THE DUKE OF CHOISEUL. (1748-1774.)
LV. LOUIS XV., THE PHILOSOPHERS
LVI. LOUIS XVI., MINISTRY OF M. TURGOT. (1774-1776.)
LVII. LOUIS XVI., FRANCE ABROAD.--THE UNITED STATES' WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. (17751783.)
LVIII. LOUIS XVI., FRANCE AT HOME.--MINISTRY OF M. NECKER. (1776-1781.)
LIX. LOUIS XVI., M. DE CALONNE, AND THE ASSEMBLY OF NOTABLES. (1781- 1787.) LX. LOUIS XVI., CONVOCATION OF THE STATESGENERAL. (1787-1789.)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS:
HOTEL DE VILLE, PARIS FRONTISPIECE.
YPRES 151
BRUSSELS 159
NAMUR 161
ANTWERP 233
LOUIS XVI. 347
MARIE ANTOINETTE 456
LIST OF WOOD-CUT ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Grand Monarch in his State Robes 9
Madame de la Valliere 10
Madame de Montespan 12
The Iron Mask 14
Bed-chamber Etiquette 15
Madame de Maintenon and the Duchess of Burgundy. 27
Death of Madame de Maintenon. 34
The King leaving the Death-bed of Monseigneur 36
Louis XIV. in Old Age 47
The Death-bed of Louis XIV 50
Versailles at Night 52
The Regent Orleans 54
The Bed of Justice 57
John Law 62
La Rue Quincampoix 68
The Duke of Maine 71
The Duchess of Maine 72
Cardinal Dubois 78
Peter the Great and Little Louis XV 82
Belzunce amid the Plague-stricken 96
The Boy King and his People 104
Death of the Regent 107
Louis XV 110
Cardinal Fleury 110
Mary Leczinska 121
Death of Plelo 130
"Moriamur pro rege nostro." 142
Louis XV. and his Councillors 148
Louis XV. and the Ambassador of Holland 151
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Popular History of France from the Earliest Time
- 2: But nowhere did he reign so completely as over his court
- 3: Others that she will return to Chaillot
- 4: Madame de Montespan was haughty
- 5: Mademoiselle did not espouse Lauzun just then
- 6: Madame de Montespan lost and won back four millions
- 7: Often chatted with Madame Scarron
- 8: The star of Quanto Madame de Montespan is paling
- 9: Madame de Montespan has plunged into the deepest devoutness
- 10: Madame de Montespan over the court
- 11: Had been thinking of marrying Mdlle
- 12: It was but a question of carp with them
- 13: Absolute power oppressed all spirits
- 14: And the Princess des Ursins ruled the queen
- 15: The Princess des Ursins believed him
- 16: The king had gone to be with him at Meudon
- 17: Formerly attached as menin to the person of Monseigneur
- 18: Monseigneur had no more commands
- 19: And more bravely faithful than was made out by Fenelon
- 20: The dauphin showed a bold front to society
- 21: The dauphin was attacked in his turn
- 22: Fenelon had written at the first news of his illness
- 23: With close restrictions as to the Duke of Orleans
- 24: And that I am unmanning you also
- 25: You will have the young king taken to Vincennes
- 26: Starting from the reign of Louis XV
- 27: With free formation of the council of regency
- 28: A place was found for the Duke of Noailles
- 29: A sort of bankruptcy in disguise
- 30: Member of the council of finance
- 31: The public fortune would naturally be decupled
- 32: Estimated at seven or eight millions
- 33: Since Law became comptroller general
- 34: The Regent's rash infatuation for a system
- 35: Thirty nine noblemen signed a petition
- 36: The Count of Toulouse promised me so
- 37: In presence of that premier president
- 38: Cellamare received his passports and quitted France
- 39: Illustration Cardinal Dubois 78 James Stuart
- 40: Dubois yielded on all the points
- 41: He received a visit from the doctors of the Sorbonne
- 42: Alberoni had restored the finances
- 43: Alberoni remained isolated in Europe
- 44: Alberoni indulged the feelings of the king his master
- 45: Marshal Berwick was intrusted with the command
- 46: That he was Archbishop of Cambrai
- 47: Who was kept well informed by Dubois
- 48: Offered Monseigneur de Belzunce the bishopric of Laon
- 49: After sitting some weeks at Pontoise
- 50: Said the Duke of Noailles to the new cardinal
- 51: The age of the Infanta was a serious obstacle
- 52: Boulduc and I looked at one another
- 53: And Marshal Villeroy was escorted to Lyons
- 54: Three months and a half after the death of Dubois
- 55: The ministry of cardinal fleury
- 56: Paris Duverney depreciated the coinage and put
- 57: Heirs of the enthusiastic Camisards
- 58: De Tressan dreamed of the cardinal's hat
- 59: The clergy had not solicited the edict
- 60: Paul Rabaut preached in the desert
- 61: When the execution of the unhappy Calas
- 62: When Queen Mary Leckzinska arrived
- 63: Mortemart proposed to go and fetch Fleury
- 64: The Muscovite opens his mouth and says
- 65: Had him arrested in his castle of Pontarlier
- 66: De Plelo fell mortally wounded
- 67: The Sardinian contingents did not arrive
- 68: Chauvelin had juggled the war from Fleury
- 69: Fourteen carriages conveyed to Marly fifty magistrates
- 70: Of Cardinal Fleury had sufficed for the purpose
- 71: Had recognized the young Queen of Hungary
- 72: Found himself threatened by Maillebois
- 73: Illustration Moriamur pro rege nostro
- 74: Maillebois first retired on Egra
- 75: Replied Chevert to the Austrian sent to parley
- 76: He writes to Marshal Noailles on the 26th of November
- 77: Madame de Chateauroux had just arrived at Lille
- 78: And complains bitterly of Marshal Noailles
- 79: The two villages of Fontenoy and Antoin
- 80: Pointed towards Fontenoy and the redoubts
- 81: A long while after the battle of Fontenoy
- 82: The foes found themselves face to face at Culloden
- 83: But it cost the life of the Duke of Boufflers
- 84: Count Lowendahl was made a marshal of France
- 85: Over European politics grew weaker and weaker
- 86: For a long time past Dupleix and his wife
- 87: La Bourdonnais died before long
- 88: Dupleix himself commanded the French batteries
- 89: Dupleix was now triumphant with his ally
- 90: Was preparing to rejoin Dupleix
- 91: But Dupleix constrained him to remain there
- 92: Lally marched to Gondelour Kaddaloue
- 93: And Lally found himself in Tanjore
- 94: Lally and Pondicherry waited in vain
- 95: De Lally Tollendal at last obtained
- 96: And Lally were passing into the domain of history
- 97: Commanded by John Ribaut of Dieppe
- 98: The Marchioness of Guercheville
- 99: Wrote the associates of Montreal
- 100: De La Salle the glory of the great discoveries of the West
- 101: Commanded by the Marquis of La Jonquiere
- 102: Finding himself within hail of the Dunkerque
- 103: The peaceful habits and the misfortunes of the Acadians
- 104: Removed after them from Acadia
- 105: Which sallied from Fort Duquesne under the orders of M
- 106: Louisbourg was nothing but a heap of ruins
- 107: The bombardment of Quebec was commencing at the same moment
- 108: In his turn he besieged Quebec
- 109: And Haviland invested Montreal
- 110: Only the government of King Louis XV
- 111: Created Marchioness of Pompadour
- 112: Under the influence of Count Kaunitz
- 113: De Soubise was destined before long to have his turn
- 114: De Machault and D'Argenson were exiled
- 115: In the ensuing battle the grenadier got himself killed
- 116: As the French had been at Rosbach
- 117: Wrote Count Clermont to Marshal Belle Isle
- 118: Seven ships remained blockaded in the Vilaine
- 119: De Choiseul as to the evacuation of Hesse and Hanover
- 120: De Choiseul found an echo in the soul of the King of Spain
- 121: 1762 when they were communicated to Parliament
- 122: All the patriotic courage and zeal of the Duke of Choiseul
- 123: The long robes and the clergy are always at daggers drawn
- 124: Madame de Pompadour dreaded the influence of the Jesuits
- 125: Orders were given to close all the Jesuit houses
- 126: The Parliament of Rennes gave in their resignation in a body
- 127: De la Chalotais and his comrades were exiled to Saintes
- 128: But for the particular regard I have for Madame de Choiseul
- 129: The chancellor read out the edicts
- 130: The king and Madame Dubarry by their shameful lives
- 131: Madame Dubarry was to reign as much as Louis XV
- 132: England had supplied Paoli with munitions and arms
- 133: And to pave the way for the dismemberment
- 134: The demand of the dissident noblesse
- 135: Clinched the relations already contracted at Neisse
- 136: Like the projects of the Duke of Aiguillon
- 137: Pursued by remorse for the partition of Poland
- 138: Voltaire took Racine for model
- 139: He had published his Lettres persanes
- 140: Suard afterwards perpetual secretary to the French Academy
- 141: Illustration Fontenelle 274 Born at Rouen in February
- 142: The friends of Fontenelle were moderate like himself
- 143: As early as then little Arouet
- 144: Arouet forced him to enter a solicitor's office
- 145: Young Arouet was shut up in the Bastille
- 146: Illustration The Rescue of La Henriade
- 147: For having offended Chevalier de Rohan
- 148: Voltaire at last obtained permission to revisit France
- 149: Madame du Chatelet died on the 4th of September
- 150: Before his friend's answer had reached Vauvenargues
- 151: Maupertuis has not easygoing springs
- 152: Voltaire settled matters with the Jew
- 153: He could not assuage the despair of Maupertuis
- 154: There was at Frankfort one Freytag
- 155: He had taken the communion at Colmar
- 156: Definitively installed at Ferney
- 157: He writes several months ago Peter Calas
- 158: That it was Chaumont whom I had left in his antechamber
- 159: To devote all his energy to that at Ferney
- 160: Seeing that that clique is frequently guided by envy
- 161: Voltaire was destined to die at Paris
- 162: Less prudent and less temperate than Voltaire
- 163: Diderot never neglected his friends
- 164: Diderot ran home in consternation
- 165: Occupied largely the attention of Diderot
- 166: Leaving the enjoyment of them to Diderot
- 167: Born at Montbard in Burgundy on the 7th of September
- 168: The Sorbonne had reason to compliment the great naturalist
- 169: Buffon gave to the world the Epoques de la Nature
- 170: Buffon divined the epochs of nature
- 171: When the young Count de Buffon
- 172: Enthusiastically welcomed by the friends of Madame Dupin
- 173: I was going to see Diderot at Vincennes
- 174: To restrain His thoughtless liberality
- 175: Rousseau supported his thesis by a Lettre sur la Musique
- 176: Rousseau quarrelled with Madame d'Epinay
- 177: He had just published Le Contrat Social
- 178: It is not the arguers who do harm
- 179: Rousseau no longer felt safe there
- 180: Dominant in the eighteenth century
- 181: But lately banished by Louis XV
- 182: In the place of the Duke of Aiguillon
- 183: At the same time as Abbe Terray
- 184: Abbe Terray had been less proud
- 185: Drawn up under the eye of Turgot
- 186: Turgot was proud and sometimes rude
- 187: Admiring the military arrangements of Marshal Biron
- 188: At the coronation of Louis XVI
- 189: Germain had conceived a thousand projects of reform
- 190: De Malesherbes has doubts about everything
- 191: De Maurepas hypocritically expressed his regret
- 192: Turgot and Malesherbes had fallen
- 193: Even had they lacked their charters
- 194: De Choiseul was thus writing to M
- 195: Continued Patrick Henry proudly
- 196: Lord Chatham had been but a short time in office
- 197: On the summons of the Virginia Convention
- 198: The sagacious planter turned out a great man
- 199: For the declaration of Independence
- 200: On sending Count de Guines the necessary instructions
- 201: Peter Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais
- 202: The diplomatic renown he had won in England
- 203: He relied upon the support of Lord Chatham
- 204: We should either have to send able negotiators at once
- 205: La Clochetterie went on and landed a few leagues from Brest
- 206: Which belonged to Beaumarchais
- 207: My poor friend Montault has died on the bed of honor
- 208: The three masts of the Surveillante had just fallen
- 209: The decimated crews were preparing to board
- 210: To justify our putting pressure upon Count de Rochambeau
- 211: And would have hanged the rest on a gibbet
- 212: Eustache and recovered possession of the island
- 213: Who commanded the besieging force
- 214: Hyder Ali had already been many times disappointed
- 215: The English had seized Negapatam and Trincomalee
- 216: Suffren informed the nabob that M
- 217: De Suffren went to his release
- 218: The English gunboats changed their part
- 219: The articles of the treaty between Great Britain and America
- 220: De Maurepas was still powerful
- 221: Necker smiles to see the ladies crying
- 222: Rousseau had exercised more influence over his mind
- 223: Trudaine sent in his resignation
- 224: Necker did not indulge in illusions
- 225: Necker did not belong to the court
- 226: Necker had a regard for public opinion
- 227: Necker had boldly defied the malevolence of his enemies
- 228: The districts generalites of Grenoble
- 229: The minister of finance has become the sole hope
- 230: De Sartines and the Prince of Montbarrey superseded by MM
- 231: De Maurepas had no longer the pretext of religion
- 232: Necker for the future well or ill
- 233: De Maurepas had often been fatal
- 234: The noblesse refused to deliberate
- 235: Marshal de Castries addressed to the king a private note
- 236: Whom she had herself not long ago placed with the dauphiness
- 237: You will allow that I should make a sorry figure at a forge
- 238: De Calonne was intimate with Madame de Polignac
- 239: De Calonne a packet of shares in the Water Company
- 240: Lavoisier as much as by their discoveries M
- 241: La Peyrouse and his shipmates never came back
- 242: Beaumarchais gave readings of it
- 243: Maria Theresa died at the age of sixty three
- 244: De Rohan were no clearer than his words
- 245: They purely and simply acquitted Cardinal Rohan
- 246: Cardinal Rohan was exiled to his abbey of Chaise Dieu
- 247: De Calonne had hit upon to strengthen his shaky position
- 248: The comptroller general has raised a new troop of comedians
- 249: The comptroller general asserted
- 250: De Calonne and advised by the Parliament
- 251: Was however sent to the notables
- 252: De Montmorin in his notes left to Marmontel
- 253: Convocation of the states general
- 254: Three edicts touching the trade in grain
- 255: Incompetent to authorize the collection of imposts
- 256: Brienne presented to the Parliament the law scheme
- 257: This registration appears to me illegal
- 258: Had at last enregistered the edict relating to non Catholics
- 259: The exon looked all round the room
- 260: Assisted by a small number of councillors
- 261: Members of the noblesse of Brittany
- 262: That the three orders of Dauphiny met
- 263: Brienne appealed to the clergy
- 264: To the devil with Lamoignon and Brienne
- 265: Their Rights and the Manner of Convoking them
- 266: What there was in the words of Abbe Sieyes
- 267: D'Entraigues' work and Abbe Sieyes'
- 268: Necker increased with the agitation amongst the thoughtful
- 269: Not less ancient than the monarchy
- 270: Put fresh energy into your concessions
- 271: Malouet and those who thought with him
- 272: He was bound to send us back to our bailiwicks
- 273: The useful example of Dauphiny had no imitators
- 274: The noblesse there were numerous
- 275: The elective assembly of Riom was not the most stormy
- 276: Those of the noblesse and the clergy
- 277: Said Malouet shall I tell you how
- 278: They expected to find Reveillon there
- 279: Those of verification of powers
- 280: Propounded the question of verification of powers
- 281: Installed officially in the statesroom