Produced by Mary Munarin and David Widger
A RESIDENCE IN FRANCE, DURING THE YEARS 1792, 1793, 1794, AND 1795;
DESCRIBED IN A SERIES OF LETTERS FROM AN ENGLISH LADY; With General And Incidental Remarks On The French Character And Manners.
Prepared for the Press By John Gifford, Esq. Author of the History of France, Letter to Lord Lauderdale, Letter to the Hon. T. Erskine, &c.
Second Edition.
_Plus je vis l'Etranger plus j'aimai ma Patrie._ --Du Belloy.
London: Printed for T. N. Longman, Paternoster Row. 1797.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS BY THE EDITOR.
The following Letters were submitted to my inspection and judgement by the Author, of whose principles and abilities I had reason to entertain a very high opinion. How far my judgement has been exercised to advantage in enforcing the propriety of introducing them to the public, that public must decide. To me, I confess, it appeared, that a series of important facts, tending to throw a strong light on the internal state of France, during the most important period of the Revolution, could neither prove uninteresting to the general reader, nor indifferent to the future historian of that momentous epoch; and I conceived, that the opposite and judicious reflections of a well-formed and well-cultivated mind, naturally arising out of events within the immediate scope of its own observation, could not in the smallest degree diminish the interest which, in my apprehension, they are calculated to excite. My advice upon this occasion was farther influenced by another consideration. Having traced, with minute attention, the progress of the revolution, and the conduct of its advocates, I had remarked the extreme affiduity employed (as well by translations of the most violent productions of the Gallic press, as by original compositions,) to introduce and propagate, in foreign countries, those pernicious principles which have already sapped the foundation of social order, destroyed the happiness of millions, and spread desolation and ruin over the finest country in Europe. I had particularly observed the incredible efforts exerted in England, and, I am sorry to say, with too much success, for the base purpose of giving a false colour to every action of the persons exercising the powers of government in France; and I had marked, with indignation, the atrocious attempt to strip vice of its deformity, to dress crime in the garb of virtue, to decorate slavery with the symbols of freedom, and give to folly the attributes of wisdom. I had seen, with extreme concern, men, whom the lenity, mistaken lenity, I must call it, of our government had rescued from punishment, if not from ruin, busily engaged in this scandalous traffic, and, availing themselves of their extensive connections to diffuse, by an infinite variety of channels, the poison of democracy over their native land. In short, I had seen the British press, the grand palladium of British liberty, devoted to the cause of Gallic licentiousness, that mortal enemy of all freedom, and even the pure stream of British criticism diverted from its natural course, and polluted by the pestilential vapours of Gallic republicanism. I therefore deemed it essential, by an exhibition of well-authenticated facts, to correct, as far as might be, the evil effects of misrepresentation and error, and to defend the empire of truth, which had been assailed by a host of foes.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Residence in France During the Years 1792, 1793,
- 2: In all the public declarations of the Directory
- 3: With regard to the negotiation
- 4: As far as related to those decrees
- 5: Che ti sottomette ad una republica
- 6: BARRAS would never have taken his seat among them
- 7: It becomes proper to repel the injurious imputation
- 8: From Danton and Robespierre to Sieyes and Barras
- 9: De tout honneur et de toute justice
- 10: That the old monarchical constitution of France
- 11: Which they called mounting guard
- 12: Performed in honour of General Dillon
- 13: Our only currency here consists of assignats of 5 livres
- 14: Sell the pasture to buy the horse
- 15: The people at large are equally adverse to the Jacobins
- 16: That this open avowal of the designs of the Jacobins
- 17: The bon mot flew through the croud
- 18: When there were no foederations
- 19: A cause de la foederation Vous etes aristocrate donc
- 20: I will fill up my paper with the Choeur Bearnais
- 21: Le peuple veut il qu'on l'aime
- 22: The whole military band began to flourish ca ira
- 23: The oration consisted of several parts
- 24: The entrance into Artois from Picardy
- 25: You will soon be informed of my arrival at Arras
- 26: A lacemaker is not dependent on the shopkeeper
- 27: Then there is the difficulty of passports
- 28: I was sure he must be an Aristocrate
- 29: And a dish of vegetables scarcely drest at all
- 30: Is the oracle of the Jacobin society
- 31: We are just on our departure for Arras
- 32: The clubs are a constant receptacle for idleness
- 33: Than the number and wretchedness of the poor at Arras
- 34: And then of what service will your claim to a pension be
- 35: And appear still more so by wearing faals
- 36: Even the monastic habit was sacred from dramatic uses
- 37: However deficient in other requisites of their art
- 38: Is placed in the middle front box
- 39: And perhaps the revenues of the abbey may not
- 40: And by electing les gueux et les scelerats pour deputes
- 41: And the shouts of frantic exultation
- 42: The massacres at the Carmes took place
- 43: The affair of the Garde Meuble
- 44: But to give you a slight sketch of the history of Guermeur
- 45: But he told me she was an aristocrate
- 46: And treated the poor inhabitants
- 47: Those of Perpignan were ordered to be conducted there
- 48: The two young men here alluded to arrived at Versailles
- 49: The municipality refused to comply
- 50: Or in colours the people chose to call aristocratic
- 51: That it was late before we reached Abbeville
- 52: The Monarch I have been describing
- 53: That Lisle had deserved well of the country
- 54: Learning the Marseillois Hymn
- 55: And settles almost into aversion
- 56: Was originally a priest of Arras
- 57: Employed subordinate assassins
- 58: And Rolland is at present very popular
- 59: When the magistrate happens to be young
- 60: The validity of his passport is disputed
- 61: His discourse is reported to the municipality
- 62: Both literally and metaphorically
- 63: The logic of Dumouriez did not enforce conviction at Gemappe
- 64: Il faut se consoler or if they visit you in an illness
- 65: The mob discovered one Jonneau
- 66: But Grangeneuve was implacable
- 67: Neckar knew the French character
- 68: Extract of a letter from Chambonas to the King
- 69: Extract from the Papers found at the Thuilleries
- 70: Has now been obliged to resign a second time
- 71: Those on the left side Robespierre
- 72: Tending to diminish the confidence due to the municipality
- 73: But when his vanity becomes baneful to others
- 74: Accused of planning the insurrection of the tenth of August
- 75: That the people of Amiens were all aristocrates they have
- 76: Inhabited by very few of the higher noblesse
- 77: Are now many of them dispersed
- 78: In order to receive a trifling pension
- 79: An attention to its oeconomies
- 80: And Le Pelletier was made to die
- 81: Qu'on n'inquiete personne
- 82: Which dictated in the cabinet of Mazarine or Louvois
- 83: Beginning with the Jacobin clubs
- 84: On est bien malheureux dans ce moment ici
- 85: Are aristocrates the merchants
- 86: Would think it folly to hoard an assignat
- 87: And the disaffection of Dumouriez
- 88: The Jacobins are said to be apprehensive
- 89: He is accompanied by another Deputy
- 90: In times of ignorance and barbarity
- 91: The mode of pillaging the shops
- 92: Yet the Bishop of Amiens is a constitutional Prelate
- 93: And my spirits are still so much disordered
- 94: Who is going through Amiens
- 95: Who scarcely eat at the same table
- 96: So little are these people susceptible of delicacy
- 97: Near six weeks ago a decree was passed by the Convention
- 98: Which form the last link of a chain of despotism
- 99: And their accuser will escape with impunity
- 100: Dragoons and penal laws only linger
- 101: You will look for the Ursuline convent
- 102: And dragoons patrolled the streets
- 103: Was called the war of the Foederalists
- 104: The morning is therefore passed with little intercourse
- 105: Especially as house breaking is very uncommon in France
- 106: Even the first levies are not all departed for the frontiers
- 107: Through our dread of innovation
- 108: The Jacobin constitution is now finished
- 109: The fraternal embrace was given to an old Negress
- 110: That Charlotte Corday was an emissary of the allied powers
- 111: Miss Corday was firm and modest
- 112: With the names of Chabot and Dumont
- 113: I saw that he suspected my veracity
- 114: But the excessive discredit of the assignats
- 115: A false declaration is punishable by six years imprisonment
- 116: We set out early to morrow morning for Soissons
- 117: Though she does not consider me as an aristocrate
- 118: Amidst a long string of decrees
- 119: We shall return to Peronne to morrow
- 120: But I could hear that it stated comme quoi
- 121: And all the patriots assassinated
- 122: And guillotine the Queen and General Custine
- 123: And it is some mortification to my vanity that I cannot
- 124: Who may not improperly be denominated female Cecisbeos
- 125: Many notable females of a certain age
- 126: Custine has suffered at the Guillotine
- 127: That the Convention issues decree after decree
- 128: After various decrees to effect the levee en masse
- 129: And Dumont preparing to depart
- 130: Accompanied by a detachment of dragoons
- 131: When we were half dead with cold and fatigue
- 132: That many of my Arras friends were here also
- 133: Has proposed to the Convention to collect all the gentry
- 134: And took her aside to enquire her history
- 135: She is not incapable of amusing herself
- 136: Had not been without its partizans in France
- 137: Sufficiently demonstrative of its absurdity
- 138: Lord Hood has hanged one Beauvais
- 139: It is undeniably de quoi vivre
- 140: Partridge a l'onion eggs a la tripe
- 141: Decree concerning suspected people Art
- 142: The external is more elaborately a la Jacobin
- 143: This democratic oratory is used by tailors
- 144: Placed as it were within the jurisdiction of the guillotine
- 145: Not the ennui occasioned by want of amusement
- 146: Fleury at length procured an order
- 147: Seemingly more surprized than alarmed
- 148: The Generals Bardell and D'Avesnes
- 149: And ordered us to be taken to the Bicetre
- 150: The situation is damp and unwholesome
- 151: Arrested under circumstances singularly atrocious
- 152: With the Guillotine for a standard
- 153: The command devolved on Laveneur
- 154: His confinement had at first deeply affected his spirits
- 155: And conveyed to a Maison d'Arret at Arras
- 156: After the destruction of the Bastille
- 157: Yet we are better lodged than at the Bicetre
- 158: The beaux here are not elaborate
- 159: The traveller who sees nothing but gay furniture
- 160: It is not the oeconomy of the French that I am censuring
- 161: 1794 A RESIDENCE IN FRANCE January 6
- 162: Naturally found a partizan in an attorney without practice
- 163: Crouds of inferior clerks
- 164: Was one of the pretexts for dethroning him
- 165: Is no other than Nature uncreated and uncreatable
- 166: Neither theistical nor atheistical it is nihilistical
- 167: Accompanied by the female goddess that is
- 168: Valuable paintings and statues were burnt or disfigured
- 169: Ils ne les voient qu'a travers les prejuges
- 170: A grand daughter of the celebrated De Witt
- 171: Yet the convention in their debates
- 172: Almost every village has its spies
- 173: Except by aristocrats and relations of emigrants
- 174: He is beset with adulatory petitions
- 175: That the Guillotine was too slow
- 176: Et chargent deux Chrocheteurs des livres paternels
- 177: Nor did these constitute all the crimes of Citizen Duplessis
- 178: And tremble at the frown of a Dumont
- 179: Who will not pillage nor intimidate the tradesmen
- 180: May very naturally read them with some surprize
- 181: The less glorious injunction to extract saltpetre
- 182: If we may credit the assertions of Barrere
- 183: Notwithstanding Dumont condescended to visit at his house
- 184: And successively of destroying the Brissotine faction
- 185: Was guillotined as an accomplice of Hebert
- 186: Do you not read of cart loads of patriotic gifts
- 187: Written by Camille Desmoulins
- 188: Camille Desmoulins has excited some interest
- 189: I fear the people reason like Chabot
- 190: And Camille Desmoulins was sacrificed
- 191: Ni aux poignards aux quels il feignoit de sse devouer
- 192: So that having no longer the care of dissipating her ennui
- 193: In order to extort discoveries of plate
- 194: For by confounding error with guilt
- 195: By arbitrary impositions of the guard and the poor
- 196: And praise the clemency of Dumont
- 197: If the national vanity only were wounded
- 198: And some sausages to be made
- 199: By laying an embargo on his person
- 200: In desiring to see Robespierre
- 201: Was not likely to be shaken by such puerile malice
- 202: When any of his colleagues passed through Arras
- 203: We here transmit you an order of the Committee
- 204: Placed Chalier in the cathedrals
- 205: And the Convention as their instruments
- 206: Rapport de Courtois sur les Papiers de Robespierre
- 207: From lists previously furnished them
- 208: And popular commotions are always uncertain
- 209: Pensant ou ne pensant pas
- 210: On the twenty second of Prairial
- 211: While Barrere endeavoured to deceive both parties
- 212: And taken in triumph to the municipality
- 213: Suffered with the two Robespierres
- 214: By contributing to the overthrow of Robespierre
- 215: Though eclipsed by Maignet and Carrier
- 216: Addressed by Tallien to Collot d'Herbois
- 217: Whither she had followed Tallien
- 218: When they ventured to attack Robespierre
- 219: This modest Carmagnole was received with great coolness
- 220: Even before the death of Robespierre
- 221: With the exception of the Marechalle de Biron
- 222: There were some priests guillotined at Amiens
- 223: Which must irritate the Jacobins
- 224: Lecointre is a linen draper at Versailles
- 225: And the conclusions are not favourable to the Convention
- 226: Licentiousness is permitted beyond all example
- 227: Leurs bras agissent aussi vigoureusement que l'on veut
- 228: But a continuation of the assignats
- 229: The Jacobins are decidedly adverse to it
- 230: And to dislodge the bust of Mirabeau who
- 231: Mon civisme est a toute epreuve
- 232: They would willingly proscribe the persons of the Jacobins
- 233: With the project of sending them all to the Guillotine
- 234: Is neither un homme bien doux
- 235: When the prisons of Nantes overflowed
- 236: Herault de Sechelles was distinguished by birth
- 237: Is it for Nantes that you petition
- 238: I have hitherto said little of La Vendee
- 239: One of the Brissotin Ministers
- 240: To the insurgents of La Vendee
- 241: The Roman stoicism of Prieur accepted the implied homage
- 242: For we learn from the report of Benaben
- 243: To cut all their throats egorger
- 244: Sent to chastise the unenlightened Vendeans
- 245: By subduing the passions that render restraints necessary
- 246: As being subversive of government
- 247: And not only Tallien and Freron
- 248: Rousseau might be really a fanatic
- 249: And the bearer of a diplome de Jacobin
- 250: Tallien was Seecretary to the Commune of Paris in 1792
- 251: Could not obtain passports to quit Arras
- 252: But if the emigrants be justifiable
- 253: And the disuse of the guillotine
- 254: Are as yet the only effects of philosophy and republicanism
- 255: At the opening of the Normal schools
- 256: And hunting is a feodal privilege
- 257: By assuming the Jacobin costume
- 258: And the insurrections of the Palais Egalite
- 259: But from the praises bestowed on the Jacobins
- 260: Or who can smile at a farce in ridicule of monarchy
- 261: And Eustace's regale of cheese and onions
- 262: And call France a land of republicans
- 263: Revolutionary armies and committees
- 264: And attribute the stagnation of their commerce to the war
- 265: Et ecraser le gouvernement Anglais
- 266: All tend to one object the re establishment of monarchy
- 267: Gregoire is one of the constitutional Clergy
- 268: The Revolutionary Jury was not only instituted
- 269: In signing arbitrary mandates of arrest
- 270: Voila ste maudite nation qui s'empare de tout
- 271: Among the various poets imprisoned
- 272: Though she was obliged to affect republicanism
- 273: To pay a debt which he owed an emigrant
- 274: And the more recent one of the Chevalier La Barre
- 275: Was a periodical paper published by Freron
- 276: More advantageous to the Convention than the people
- 277: To prevent their falling on Tallien and Freron
- 278: Nous en avons perdu le droit
- 279: The conduct of Maignet has been denounced
- 280: The French Spectator during the Revolution
- 281: Andre sur la Liberte de la Presse
- 282: And the honesty of his sectaries
- 283: Have taken possession of Amsterdam
- 284: Entre les citoyens des departements et districts
- 285: That Courtois was possessed of
- 286: The celebrated Condorcet expired
- 287: Dumont would have made a good pantler
- 288: Yet every day points to the necessity of additional oeconomy
- 289: Barrere instantly sent for Payen
- 290: Was not removed until long after the death of Robespierre
- 291: And the Jacobins unusually turbulent
- 292: And crouds of this description
- 293: And sometimes even assailing the Deputies
- 294: Refuse to dispose of it for assignats
- 295: If what is allowed us were composed only of barley
- 296: This Tinville and his accomplices
- 297: The head of Ferraud was placed on a pole
- 298: While the Jacobins encouraged the mob
- 299: Of any description of assignats
- 300: But the gloomy ideas produced by a visit to this metropolis
- 301: They had a handsome annuity on the Hotel de Ville
- 302: A member of a Revolutionary Committee
- 303: Or that domestic happiness is more universal than when
- 304: But if the republic should conquer Italy
- 305: And wander about Europe like Dumouriez
- 306: The livery of servants can be of very little importance
- 307: And the luxury of the ci devant Noblesse
- 308: And the Representative Laplanche
- 309: Taking down an engraving of the Abbe Sieyes
- 310: An effort is to be made by the royalists
- 311: Of both royalists and republicans
- 312: C'est l'approche du 25 Prairial
- 313: Etienne The remains of the Brissotins
- 314: Beauty and sufferings of the Princess
- 315: Even the women wore Guillotines in their ears
- 316: And the stanza of the Reveil du Peuple
- 317: At the expence of their health and morals
- 318: 13th Prairial 1st of June
- 319: This Piorry always attended the executions
- 320: The consequence of the revolution
- 321: It is the great advantage of the Brissotins
- 322: Be found inconvenient or disgusting
- 323: And live in a state of moral vagabondage
