Many words in the printed text have accents, etc. which have been omitted. Dipthongs have been expanded into two letters.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I . . Geography of Greece.
CHAPTER II . . Origin of the Greeks, and the Heroic Age.
CHAPTER III . . General Survey of the Greek People. National Institutions.
CHAPTER IV . . Early History of Peloponnesus and Sparta to the end of the Messenian Wars, B.C. 668.
CHAPTER V . . Early History of Athens down to the Establishment of Democracy by Clisthenes, B.C. 510.
CHAPTER VI . . The Greek Colonies.
CHAPTER VII . . The Persian Wars.--From the Ionic Revolt to the Battle of Marathon, B.C. 500-490.
CHAPTER VIII . . The Persian Wars.--The Battles of Thermopylae Salamis, and Plataea, B.C. 480-479.
CHAPTER IX . . From the end of the Persian Wars to the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, B.C. 479-431.
CHAPTER X . . Athens in the time of Pericles.
CHAPTER XI . . The Peloponnesian War.--First Period, from the commencement of the War to the Peace of Nicias, B.C. 431-421.
CHAPTER XII . . The Peloponnesian War.--Second Period, from the Peace of Nicias to the Defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, B.C. 421-413.
CHAPTER XIII . . The Peloponnesian War.--Third Period, from the Sicilian Expedition to the end of the War, B.C. 413-404.
CHAPTER XIV . . The Thiry Tyrants, and the death of Socrates, B.C. 404-399.
CHAPTER XV . . The Expedition of the Greeks under Cyrus, and Retreat of the Ten Thousand, B.C. 401-400.
CHAPTER XVI . . The Supremacy of Sparta, B.C. 404-371.
CHAPTER XVII . . The Supremacy of Thebes, B.C. 371-361.
CHAPTER XVIII . . History of the Sicilian Greeks from the Destruction of the Athenian Armament to the Death of Timoleon.
CHAPTER XIX . . Phillip of Macedon, B.C. 359-336.
CHAPTER XX . . Alexander the Great, B.C. 336-323.
CHAPTER XXI . . From the Death of Alexander the Great to the Conquest of Greece by the Romans, B.C. 323-146.
CHAPTER XXII . . Sketch of the History of Greek Literature from the Earliest Times to the Reign of Alexander the Great.
CHAPTER I.
GEOGRAPHY OF GREECE.
Greece is the southern portion of a great peninsula of Europe, washed on three sides by the Mediterranean Sea. It is bounded on the north by the Cambunian mountains, which separate it from Macedonia. It extends from the fortieth degree of latitude to the thirty-sixth, its greatest length being not more than 250 English miles, and its greatest breadth only 180. Its surface is considerably less than that of Portugal. This small area was divided among a number of independent states, many of them containing a territory of only a few square miles, and none of them larger than an English county. But the heroism and genius of the Greeks have given an interest to the insignificant spot of earth bearing their name, which the vastest empires have never equalled.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Smaller history of Greece by Sir William Smith
- 2: While to their west were DORIS and PHOCIS
- 3: The Pelasgians disappeared before them
- 4: Pelops is represented as a Phrygian
- 5: King AEtes promised to deliver to Jason the golden fleece
- 6: Patroclus repulses the Trojans from the ships
- 7: But there was another class of poor freemen
- 8: Who were called the Amphictyons
- 9: And became second only to the great Olympic festival
- 10: Hence this migration is called the Return of the Heraclidae
- 11: Sparta to Eurysthenes and Procles
- 12: The PERIOECI were personally free
- 13: The Ephors were of later origin
- 14: The Spartan women alone rule the men
- 15: The Messenians abandoned Ithome
- 16: But Aristomenes reached the bottom unhurt
- 17: The archonship was now made annual
- 18: The Athenian nobles were called EUPATRIDAE
- 19: Included all whose property fell short of 200 medimni
- 20: Megacles and the Alcmaeonidae left the city
- 21: Harmodius having given offence to Hippias
- 22: Hipparchus was assassinated in B
- 23: Clisthenes also introduced the OSTRACISM
- 24: And they invited Hippias to come from Sigeum to Sparta
- 25: Which ended in the ruin of Sybaris
- 26: The situation of Cyrene was well chosen
- 27: It was during this reign that Polycrates
- 28: Megabazus not only subdued the Thracians
- 29: Artaphernes was taken unprepared
- 30: Artaphernes at once caused him to be crucified
- 31: Eretria defended itself gallantly for six days
- 32: Was commanded by the Polemarch Callimachus
- 33: This confidence Miltiades abused
- 34: Aristides was inferior to Themistocles in ability
- 35: Upon arriving at the spacious plain of Doriscus
- 36: He sent for the exiled Spartan king Demaratus
- 37: Xerxes ordered his ten thousand Immortals
- 38: Having sailed through the Euboean strait
- 39: Opposite the harbour of Salamis
- 40: In Thessaly Mardonius selected the 300
- 41: 479 Mardonius prepared to open the campaign
- 42: And not far from the town of Plataea
- 43: And setting off straightway for Sparta
- 44: Who sent out Dorcis to supersede him
- 45: He carried the document to the ephors
- 46: Themistocles explained his peril
- 47: They fortified themselves in Mount Ithome in Messenia
- 48: The same fate attended Cimon himself
- 49: Tolmides was defeated and slain near Chaeronea
- 50: 443 Pericles sent out a colony to found Thurii
- 51: Being connected with the Epidamnian oligarchy
- 52: And which bore in ancient times the name of LYCABETTUS
- 53: And the Phaleric wall connecting the city with Phalerum
- 54: And its position on the Acropolis
- 55: One of the metopes is figured below
- 56: The original Erechtheum was burnt by the Persians
- 57: Archidamus advanced as far as Acharnae
- 58: Renewed their invasion of Attica
- 59: Of which Pericles himself took the command
- 60: 428 was the revolt of Mytilene
- 61: The fortifications of Mytilene were razed
- 62: Were enabled to blockade the island of Sphacteria
- 63: Had already surrendered to Brasidas
- 64: Brasidas was carried into Amphipolis
- 65: Athens consequently refused to evacuate Pylus
- 66: With the design of assisting Egesta
- 67: Alcibiades denied the accusation
- 68: After which he retired to Catana
- 69: And went out boldly to meet Gylippus
- 70: Under Demosthenes and Eurymedon
- 71: And were echoed back from the Syracusans on land
- 72: And after the defeat of the Peloponnesians at Miletus
- 73: Pisander proposed in the assembly
- 74: Thrasybulus proposed the recall of Alcibiades
- 75: Cleophon appears to have been a man of considerable ability
- 76: Owing to the occupation of Decelea by the enemy
- 77: The straightforward conduct of Callicratidas
- 78: Callicratidas then blockaded Mytilene both by sea and land
- 79: Except its vicinity to Lampsacus
- 80: Of these these most distinguished was Critias
- 81: Lysander communicated the order to Pharnabazus
- 82: And Thrasybulus and the exiles
- 83: And even in the campaign of Potidaea
- 84: His last words were addressed to Crito Crito
- 85: And Abrocomas made no attempt to dispute the passage
- 86: Where Artaxerxes himself stood
- 87: Here they received a visit from Tissaphernes
- 88: Being cantoned in some Colchian villages near the town
- 89: And Dercyllidas appointed in his place
- 90: Offended both Agesilaus and the Thirty Spartans
- 91: Lysander arrived at Haliartus before Pausanias
- 92: The victory of Agesilaus was not very decisive
- 93: And Conon had thus the glory of appearing
- 94: Called the PEACE OF ANTALCIDAS
- 95: Conducted them towards the Cadmea
- 96: And Mellon as the first restored Boeotarchs
- 97: When Pelopidas was named Boeotarch
- 98: And led by Cleombrotus in person
- 99: 370 Epaminondas marched into Laconia
- 100: Followed impetuously by Pelopidas
- 101: The Mantineans supported the Eleans
- 102: But he also had children by Aristomache
- 103: A few years after the battle of Crimesus
- 104: He assisted the Olynthians in recovering Potidaea
- 105: The command was assumed by his brother Onomarchus
- 106: And in 347 Olynthus itself was taken
- 107: And then turned his arms against Perinthus and Byzantium
- 108: But instead of proceeding in the direction of Amphissa
- 109: Although the Cadmea was in the hands of the Macedonians
- 110: And marched slowly to the foot of the Cadmea
- 111: At the head of the list was Demosthenes
- 112: Alexander now marched southwards towards Sardis
- 113: He encamped in the neighbourhood of Gordium in Phrygia
- 114: The banks of the Pinarus were in many parts steep
- 115: If he wished to sacrifice to Melcart
- 116: And there Darius had deposited his baggage and treasure
- 117: He then advanced rapidly to Persepolis
- 118: Alexander had long entertained suspicions of Philotas
- 119: Bessus was carried to Zariaspa
- 120: He then overran the whole of the PENJ AB
- 121: Whilst in this country Alexander was rejoined by Nearchus
- 122: Alexander entered Babylon in the spring of 324
- 123: 325 Harpalus arrived in Athens
- 124: Where Leonnatus was killed and his troops defeated
- 125: Hyperides was carried to Athens
- 126: And accompanied by Philip Arrhidaeus
- 127: Although Polysperchon was supported by Olympias
- 128: The Phalerean was obliged to surrender the city to him
- 129: Who had been established there by Cassander
- 130: Ptolemy Ceraunus quitted Egypt in disgust
- 131: Aratus was elected STRATEGUS of the league
- 132: Antigonus Doson was the grandson of Demetrius Poliorcetes
- 133: Being hard pressed by the AEtolians
- 134: Philopoemen also had succeeded
- 135: Diaeus was overthrown in a battle near Corinth
- 136: Narratives of the exploits of separate heroes
- 137: TYRTAEUS and ALCMAN were the two great lyric poets of Sparta
- 138: Though the contemporary of Simonides
- 139: Was present at the festival with his father Olorus
- 140: And has been recorded by himself in his ANABASIS
- 141: Performed the old Dionysiac songs and dances
- 142: Iophon summoned him before the Phratores
- 143: The comedies of Cratinus and Eupolis are lost
- 144: Was much superior to Andocides as an orator
- 145: Lived a little later than Anaximander
- 146: He escaped from Athens and retired to Chalcis