A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND
by
G. K. CHESTERTON
London Chatto & Windus MCMXVII
Printed in England by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles. All rights reserved
CONTENTS
PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. THE PROVINCE OF BRITAIN 6
III. THE AGE OF LEGENDS 19
IV. THE DEFEAT OF THE BARBARIANS 30
V. ST. EDWARD AND THE NORMAN KINGS 43
VI. THE AGE OF THE CRUSADES 58
VII. THE PROBLEM OF THE PLANTAGENETS 71
VIII. THE MEANING OF MERRY ENGLAND 86
IX. NATIONALITY AND THE FRENCH WARS 104
X. THE WAR OF THE USURPERS 119
XI. THE REBELLION OF THE RICH 133
XII. SPAIN AND THE SCHISM OF NATIONS 151
XIII. THE AGE OF THE PURITANS 163
XIV. THE TRIUMPH OF THE WHIGS 179
XV. THE WAR WITH THE GREAT REPUBLICS 195
XVI. ARISTOCRACY AND THE DISCONTENTS 209
XVII. THE RETURN OF THE BARBARIAN 223
XVIII. CONCLUSION 238
A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND
I
INTRODUCTION
It will be very reasonably asked why I should consent, though upon a sort of challenge, to write even a popular essay in English history, who make no pretence to particular scholarship and am merely a member of the public. The answer is that I know just enough to know one thing: that a history from the standpoint of a member of the public has not been written. What we call the popular histories should rather be called the anti-popular histories. They are all, nearly without exception, written against the people; and in them the populace is either ignored or elaborately proved to have been wrong. It is true that Green called his book "A Short History of the English People"; but he seems to have thought it too short for the people to be properly mentioned. For instance, he calls one very large part of his story "Puritan England." But England never was Puritan. It would have been almost as unfair to call the rise of Henry of Navarre "Puritan France." And some of our extreme Whig historians would have been pretty nearly capable of calling the campaign of Wexford and Drogheda "Puritan Ireland."
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: A Short History of England by G. K. Chesterton
- 2: Which we call broadly mediaeval
- 3: There is something common to all the Britons
- 4: Britons were not originally proud of being Britons
- 5: It was an inversion of aristocracy
- 6: What the decline did involve everywhere was decivilization
- 7: Where the Schleswig people are supposed to have landed
- 8: Of beasts behaving like men and not merely
- 9: Have heard somehow or other of Brian Boru
- 10: Britain had been a mirror of universal knighthood
- 11: That the natives of Colchester were oysters
- 12: He expresses a strange disappointment that Gildas
- 13: And the Augustinians ultimately prevailed
- 14: The very word monk is a revolution
- 15: The fine but fruitless victory at Ashdown
- 16: He would again be told Henry VI
- 17: The Anglo Saxons did one thing
- 18: And Lanfranc was an Italian like Julius Caesar
- 19: Feudalism was very nearly the opposite of squirearchy
- 20: Now Feudalism was not quite logical
- 21: Yet it is certain that the puppet became an idol
- 22: Yet Philip Augustus went on the same Crusade
- 23: And the Greek Iconoclasts had poured into Italy
- 24: And the real quarrel of Christendom and Islam
- 25: Chivalry might be called the baptism of Feudalism
- 26: Are they called Canterbury Tales
- 27: As in the motley crowd of Chaucer
- 28: The same wind of revolution suddenly smote Thomas Becket
- 29: But if the priest was too idealistic
- 30: This sort of monarchy was certainly a mediaeval ideal
- 31: But he really was a discredited Plantagenet
- 32: So far from being peculiarly mediaeval
- 33: Complains of my calling them masterpieces
- 34: And in that climate the slave would not grow
- 35: One the serfs enjoyed severally
- 36: But that every bricklayer should survive and succeed
- 37: The Guilds were confederations of men with property
- 38: Sometimes a Christian means an Evangelical
- 39: Whom that useful usury had ruined
- 40: Were eventually buried with the epitaph
- 41: As it certainly hailed the later victory of Agincourt
- 42: Was herself ultimately defeated
- 43: And the Filmerites made a fad of divine right
- 44: But unless he governed horribly and extravagantly wrong
- 45: The two dramatic stories which connect Wat Tyler
- 46: It led the Lancastrian House to lean on Parliament
- 47: But when we have said that Lancaster stood
- 48: Treason was the same as treachery
- 49: A satirist of mediaeval abuses
- 50: The transformation was beginning
- 51: And indeed if it is sufficiently stale
- 52: He is often described under the dictum of Ego et Rex Meus
- 53: The great monastic lords did not resist
- 54: A dirty fellow named Thomas Cromwell
- 55: By marrying into the Seymour family
- 56: The saner and more genuine Protestantism
- 57: With no particular anti national intention
- 58: And technically the description was true
- 59: All mummery was to be forbidden
- 60: Sweden took a hand in the struggle
- 61: About the Puritans we can find no great legend
- 62: The English Puritans were not only Puritans but Englishmen
- 63: There was certainly no Village Hampden in Hampden Village
- 64: Convinced of Catholicism as a philosophy
- 65: He is not a representative regicide
- 66: Because he was a clever politician he kept his official post
- 67: That priests should be celibate
- 68: In return for the surrender of Limerick
- 69: To symbolize is always to simplify
- 70: The mercantile oligarchy of Venice
- 71: As brilliantly expounded by Bolingbroke
- 72: And the Whig party was consistently the Jingo party
- 73: From the fact that the Whig aristocrats were Whigs
- 74: Chatham might have compromised with Washington
- 75: And is much misunderstood still
- 76: Afterwards known as Wellington
- 77: But the very name of Wellington is enough to suggest another
- 78: The greatest gap in their souls
- 79: The typical aristocrat was the typical upstart
- 80: The name of Cobbett is very important here
- 81: Was quite unfit to fill his father's place
- 82: Burgundy could boast of Corneille
- 83: Sam Weller was a gentleman's servant
- 84: The English oligarchy had that added splendour
- 85: The Bastille was one central institution
- 86: Or at any rate as wage earners
- 87: German metaphysics had thinned our theology
- 88: For perspective makes a giant a pigmy and a pigmy a giant
- 89: The soul of savagery is slavery
