[Picture: William Hazlitt. From a crayon drawing by W. Bewick executed in 1822]
THE VAGABOND IN LITERATURE
BY ARTHUR RICKETT
[Picture: Decorative device]
WITH SIX PORTRAITS
* * * * *
1906 LONDON J. M. DENT & CO. 29 & 30 BEDFORD STREET, W.C.
_All Rights Reserved_
TO MY FRIEND ALFRED E. FLETCHER
FOREWORD
In the introductory paper to this volume an attempt is made to justify the epithet "Vagabond" as applied to writers of a certain temperament. This much may be said here: the term Vagabond is used in no derogatory sense. Etymologically it signifies a wanderer; and such is the meaning attached to the term in the following pages. Differing frequently in character and in intellectual power, a basic similarity of temperament gives the various writers discussed a remarkable spiritual affinity. For in each one the wandering instinct is strong. Sometimes it may take a physical, sometimes an intellectual expression--sometimes both. But always it shows itself, and always it is opposed to the routine and conventions of ordinary life.
These papers are primarily studies in temperament; and the literary aspects have been subordinated to the personal element. In fact, they are studies of certain forces in modern literature, viewed from a special standpoint. And the standpoint adopted may, it is hoped, prove suggestive, though it does not pretend to be exhaustive.
If the papers on Hazlitt and De Quincey are more fragmentary than the others, it is because these writers have been already discussed by the author in a previous volume. It has been thought unnecessary to repeat the points raised there, and these studies may be regarded therefore as at once supplementary and complementary.
My cordial thanks are due to Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton, who has taken so kindly and friendly an interest in this little volume. He was good enough to read the proofs, and to express his appreciation, especially of the Borrow and Thoreau articles, in most generous terms. I had hoped, indeed, that he would have honoured these slight studies by a prefatory note, and he had expressed a wish to do so. Unhappily, prior claims upon his time prevented this. The book deals largely, it will be seen, with those "Children of the Open Air" about whom the eloquent author of _Aylwin_ so often has written. I am especially glad, therefore, to quote (with Mr. Watts-Dunton's permission) his fine sonnet, where the "Vagabond" spirit in its happiest manifestation is expressed.
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: The Vagabond in Literature by Arthur Rickett
- 2: Came the 'Children of the Roof
- 3: Not a plastic 40 style
- 4: Of the men and women of every type
- 5: Whitman's rude nonchalance deliberate
- 6: Thoreau turned his back on civilization
- 7: And with Whitman than with Wordsworth
- 8: Vagabondage an attitude of spirit
- 9: In France to day morbidity and Vagabondage are inseparable
- 10: Looking the handsome Vagabond to the life
- 11: But nervous instability is one thing
- 12: Here we have a more complex state
- 13: From temperaments affected by disease
- 14: The slave who worships a tyrant
- 15: When Hazlitt was forty years old
- 16: These things were paramount with both Hazlitt and De Quincey
- 17: V Comparing the styles of Hazlitt and De Quincey
- 18: Picture Thomas de Quincey O youthful benefactress
- 19: Even some of his most admirable pieces the dream fugues
- 20: But behind sorrow there is always sorrow
- 21: The boys might fling stones and brickbats
- 22: There was a touch of the dreamer in Carlyle
- 23: Japp is his reference to Coleridge
- 24: Inquisitiveness inspired the experiment
- 25: Just as it is part of the fascination attaching to Coleridge
- 26: Turns a Borrow into the high road and dingle
- 27: Yet a Celt he was by parentage
- 28: Take the Isopel Berners episode
- 29: Watts Dunton relates about the beautiful gypsy
- 30: ' 'It is the way to Talavera
- 31: The picturesque side is always presented
- 32: 'I see the London Caloro is weary
- 33: The young man is used to claret
- 34: Watts Dunton points to an affirmative answer
- 35: Borrow used his friend's argument
- 36: Martineau was at school with him at Norwich
- 37: If the ostler happens to be a dog fancier
- 38: Whereas Borrow gives you the ostler
- 39: But the more passive temperament of Thoreau
- 40: For he was neither loveless nor brooding
- 41: Nor have his discursive essays the full
- 42: But beside the Emersonian influence
- 43: Thoreau passed by indifferently
- 44: Swagger and exaggeration may be irritating
- 45: Thoreau has become an object of worship to the crank
- 46: Which he says was suggested by Thoreau
- 47: His huckleberry parties were justly famous
- 48: And yet not be really fond of them
- 49: We must beware of sentimentalizing the Vagabond
- 50: George Meredith exclaims Enter these enchanted woods
- 51: Stevenson and Poe being drawn rather towards the sister
- 52: Some terrifying that the Ariel world invoke
- 53: And with Stevenson it matters more
- 54: Stevenson showed a fine fortitude
- 55: Though much that he says is obviously inspired by Hazlitt
- 56: Stevenson alone had the fairness
- 57: And Stevenson a love of the grotesque
- 58: Stevenson differs from Meredith and Hardy in this
- 59: Something of the Shorter Catechist
- 60: There is a difference between susceptibility and passion
- 61: Less of the naturalist in Jefferies
- 62: In Jefferies it is not so much the colour of life
- 63: What he has Picture Richard Jefferies realized
- 64: Is indignant with this physiological explanation
- 65: And in the confession of Jefferies
- 66: Sensuous De Quincey opium deliriation
- 67: To Jefferies an all sufficing mistress
- 68: His attitude becomes more enthusiastic
- 69: Jefferies regarded many animals as good sport
- 70: Ruskin impressed Jefferies very considerably
- 71: To sympathize with the natural mysticism of Jefferies
- 72: Not because there is any exotic mystery about Whitman
- 73: They forget his rainproof coat and good shoes
- 74: Whitman must be judged ultimately as an artist
- 75: When lilacs last in the dooryard bloomed
- 76: All the great masters Shakespeare
- 77: Whitman has no sense of mystery
- 78: For so noble a piece of naturalism as the story of Haidee
- 79: Whitman declares for absolute social equality
- 80: At issue with so many able and discerning critics of Whitman
- 81: Donaldson draws no particular inference from this fact
- 82: Spreading a nimbus of gold coloured light
- 83: He is the Demos made articulate
- 84: Whitman and Morris loved the Cause
- 85: That a man is a human being is enough for Whitman
- 86: Whitman does not decry culture
- 87: For these qualities you must not seek Whitman
- 88: By William Clarke Swan Sonnenschein
- 89: 153b Vide Richard Jefferies
