In the original, chapter headings II-IX showed subtitles above chapter numbers, disagreeing with the display of numbers above subtitles on the Contents page and in chapter I. Those headings have been standardized.
Line spacing in the original varied inconsistently from single to 1.5, making the identification of intended block quotes difficult. For consistency, only speeches, quotes and reprints from document texts that were contained entirely within whole paragraphs--with no other narrative material--were treated as block quotes in this project (Exception: beginning P. 430 "To My Countrymen...."; this quote continues over several remaining pages and sections to the end of the book, and was not blocked).
Remaining transcriber's notes are at the end of the text.]
[Illustration: POPE PIUS X.]
The War Upon Religion
Being an Account of the Rise and Progress of Anti-Christianism in Europe
By Rev. Francis A. Cunningham
Boston The Pilot Publishing Company 1911
* * * * *
_Copyright 1911, By Rev. F. A. Cunningham._
* * * * *
_Nihil Obstat_: David J. Toomey, Ph. D., S. T. D. Censor Deputatus.
_Imprimatur_: _GULIELMUS Archiep. Boston._
* * * * *
Contents
CHAPTER I. THE EARLIER CRISES.
Influence of the Reformation-- Jansenism-- The Abbey of Port Royal-- Quesnel-- The Bull "Unigenitus"-- Destructive Influence of Jansenism-- Not Quite Extinguished Even Yet-- Quietism-- Molinos and Madame Guyon-- Louis XIV. and Gallicanism-- The Gallican Liberties-- Resistance to Them-- Gallicanism One of the Chief Causes of Anti-Christianism in France-- Van Espen and the Pseudo-Canonists-- Johannes von Hontheim, Known as Febronius-- His Hostility to the Papal Supremacy-- Scipio di Ricci-- The Congress of Ems-- Joseph II. of Austria and the Josephine Schism-- Suppression of the Society of Jesus-- The Sophists-- Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists-- Freemasonry-- Neo-Paganism Page 1
CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
Immediate Causes-- The States General-- Confiscation of Church Property-- Persecution of Religious Orders-- The Civil Constitution-- Sorrow of Pope Pius VI.-- His Condemnation of the Civil Constitution-- The Constituent Assembly-- Massacres of September-- The Convention-- Changing the Calendar-- Persecution of Catholics-- The Reign of Terror-- The Goddess of Reason-- The Worship of the Supreme Being-- The Council of Five Hundred, or the Directory-- Arrest and Exile of Pope Pius VI.-- The Death of the Pontiff in France Page 51
Table of contents (by pages)
- 1: The War Upon Religion by Cunningham
- 2: Opening of the nineteenth century
- 3: First in the French Revolution
- 4: Littre gave a resume of its teachings in 1845
- 5: Renan wished to show that Jesus is not God
- 6: Relegated to the things unknowable
- 7: The paganism of the sixteenth century
- 8: In Satanism charity shall be no more
- 9: Immoral whispers and inflaming imaginations
- 10: Teems with immorality and infidelity
- 11: The man's life was better than his creed
- 12: But a wing of the irreligious army
- 13: He issued to the world his famous Encyclical
- 14: Then followed the error of the Modernists
- 15: One year after the publication of this Encyclical
- 16: But were nurtured within the very household of the faith
- 17: The novelty of the Jansenistic ideas raised up
- 18: Unigenitus was not notorious
- 19: The writings of Molinos were condemned by Pope Innocent XI
- 20: The defence was at once condemned by the Pope
- 21: Which opposed the extension of the regalia
- 22: Whether seculars or regulars
- 23: It found a sponsor in Bernard Van Espen
- 24: A suffragan of the electoral diocese
- 25: He published a Commentary on his Retraction
- 26: To suppress the nunciatures to Germany
- 27: Presided over from 1780 by Scipione di Ricci
- 28: Was made the object of vexatious measures
- 29: The mind and policy of Joseph II
- 30: Cardinal Frankenberg and the nuncio Oppizzoni
- 31: They were exiled from Spain in 1767
- 32: Later called Voltaire 1694 1778
- 33: In this matter Voltaire was no exception
- 34: The founder of the infamous Encyclopaedia
- 35: Found in their schools a spirit of paganism
- 36: And the clergy renounced their titles
- 37: Suspended the taking of monastic vows
- 38: Which was voted in the Constituent Assembly
- 39: Wrote to the Pope beseeching him to approve
- 40: Including Talleyrand and Cardinal de Brienne
- 41: Ecclesiastics were considered as non juring who
- 42: Illustration MASSACRE OF PRINCESS LAMBELLE
- 43: Two priests whom they had dragged from their beds
- 44: The tenth or last day of the decade
- 45: The victims of proscription were left in the miserable hulks
- 46: It was at this juncture that Robespierre
- 47: Illustration ROBESPIERRE 1758 1794
- 48: Or be elected a national institutor
- 49: And the abrogation of the laws of deportation
- 50: Giving a death blow to Basseville
- 51: The Directory stultified itself in the face of Europe
- 52: The occupation of Bologna and Ferrara
- 53: The bullet struck General Duphot
- 54: Entered the apartment of the Pontiff
- 55: Whence they sailed at the invitation of Austria to Venice
- 56: During the progress of the Conclave
- 57: Cardinal Chiaramonti received every vote except his own
- 58: Died at Valence and Cardinal Chiaramonti
- 59: Ceded to France the Legations of Bologna
- 60: Illustration CARDINAL CONSALVI
- 61: Nephew of the Bishop of Vercelli
- 62: Of whom he had said to Cardinal Maury
- 63: Illustration CARDINAL CASELLI
- 64: The welcome of the First Consul was
- 65: Illustration THE ABBE BERNIER
- 66: And in particular Cardinal Consalvi
- 67: Besides meaning eventual ruin to the whole Church
- 68: Diplomacy of cardinal consalvi
- 69: At the stated hour Consalvi appeared at the palace
- 70: And finally the Abbe Bernier
- 71: Endeavored to bend the unflinching will of Consalvi
- 72: A better spirit entered into Bonaparte
- 73: The First Consul of the Republic will
- 74: And a seminary for their diocese
- 75: Independently of the Concordat
- 76: Which after the confiscation of 1789 were sold
- 77: When a new Concordat was attempted
- 78: All other ecclesiastical establishments are suppressed
- 79: The salary of bishops shall be 10
- 80: The latter was to last as long as the Concordat itself
- 81: When apprised of this new demand of Bonaparte
- 82: To be present at the coronation
- 83: According to our laws the marriage is null
- 84: Again the aged Pontiff remonstrated
- 85: With his faithful Cardinal Pacca
- 86: Again the Pope renewed his refusal
- 87: Retracted everything contained in the Concordat
- 88: Illustration RETURN OF PIUS VII
- 89: Took a new form in the notorious Carbonari
- 90: Gioberti was publishing his Modern Jesuit
- 91: In creating asylums for the afflicted
- 92: The Prince de Canino arose and cried out Viva la Republica
- 93: When Pius IX had returned from Gaeta
- 94: Piedmont went far in the way of iniquity
- 95: Cialdini hastened thither and laid siege to the town
- 96: Usurpations of victor emmanuel
- 97: As the funeral cortege moved along
- 98: In speaking of the Pope's Encyclical
- 99: Roosevelt became known to the Vatican
- 100: The votaries of every manner of disorder
- 101: The Kulturkampf The Causes The Men and the Events
- 102: The School of Tubingen rejected the Gospel of St
- 103: The first writings of Guenther
- 104: Wrote to the Archbishop of Munich on December 11
- 105: Doellinger made a formal refusal
- 106: Despite the prestige even of Doellinger and his savants
- 107: Austria was stricken down by the hand of Prussia
- 108: Among the characters most prominent in the Kulturkampf
- 109: The eminent historian of the Kulturkampf
- 110: Windthorst declared himself for Austria
- 111: Windthorst was the champion of right
- 112: In conjunction with Windthorst
- 113: Ketteler appeared in the tribune
- 114: Ketteler spoke eloquently upon the questions
- 115: But as the Kulturkampf began in hypocrisy
- 116: The first Reichstag of the German Empire met on March 21
- 117: Remarked We have declared war upon Ultramontainism
- 118: In the Gymnasium of Brauensberg
- 119: Had excommunicated the apostate Wollmann
- 120: Accordingly in the beginning of 1872
- 121: Wagener declared openly that its purpose was to combat Rome
- 122: Suppression of obligatory baptism
- 123: On the appointment and education of ecclesiastics
- 124: And still less a priest or a bishop
- 125: Their candidate was Count Frederic von Stolberg Stolberg
- 126: The same Archbishop Ledochowski
- 127: And not the real causes of the Kulturkampf
- 128: One cannot rightly term these payments salaries
- 129: It is only by renouncing the Kulturkampf
- 130: Under the leadership of Windthorst
- 131: Thiers was elected President of the Republic
- 132: Vast quantities of petroleum were procured
- 133: Jules Ferry had inserted in the bill
- 134: All attention was concentrated upon the Congregations
- 135: Following the guidance of Cardinals Guibert and Bonnechose
- 136: The budget for religious worship was reduced from 53
- 137: And still more in the encyclical
- 138: Menaced by the plots and schemes of Catholics
- 139: That hostile attitude I deny formally
- 140: When hostility of this kind is found in legislation
- 141: Spuller in his demand for tolerance toward the Church
- 142: It was only natural that the sectaries
- 143: Dreyfus was condemned on December 22
- 144: The Assumptionists were condemned
- 145: Hence marriage would be contrary to Article 1118
- 146: In which the congregations held so large a part
- 147: At all new schools not founded by the congregations
- 148: The supporters of the administration of Waldeck Rousseau
- 149: The petit seminaire of Castres
- 150: Upon the recommendation of Rousseau
- 151: A Commission on Congregations was formed
- 152: 049 schools must be added 165 colleges and 1
- 153: And even longer than Waldeck Rousseau
- 154: The Church has not been extinguished
- 155: The Government demanded the suppression of the word Nobis
- 156: And resigned their French Sees
- 157: Loubet might not constitute a precedent
- 158: Exact that the denunciation of the Concordat
- 159: That the Concordat was a real law
- 160: Ribot deserves to be reproduced in part
- 161: Ribot referred to the relations of M
- 162: Are we going to permit Germany
- 163: And even for her temporal government
- 164: The law made provision for certain pensions
- 165: Not to the hierarchy divinely constituted
- 166: We reprove and condemn it as violating the natural law
- 167: The Holy Father replied in the encyclical
- 168: Georges Clemenceau was Premier
- 169: Briand fixed it on the method of liquidation
- 170: Combes and the anti clerical horde that followed him
- 171: Briand sought to discountenance its importance
- 172: To restore the Constitution of 1812
- 173: The leader in these atrocities was that Espartero
- 174: And the concordat was rejected by the Cortes
- 175: The concordat was signed at Rome
- 176: Began to demand the revocation of the concordat
- 177: The concordat was again put into execution
- 178: Prim first addressed himself to the King of Portugal
- 179: But both he and the Duke of Montpensier came too late
- 180: Illustration AMADEUS OF SAVOY
- 181: Illustration ANTONIO CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO
- 182: In its anxiety the country looked to Canovas de Castillo
- 183: Uttered many anti clerical notes
- 184: Ferrer and the barcelona riots
- 185: Barcelona broke out into open revolt
- 186: Pombal had misused the resources of Portugal
- 187: The throne reverted to the house of Braganza
- 188: Manuel was not educated for the throne
- 189: And in that moment Candido Reis
- 190: The College at Barro was one of the finest in Portugal
- 191: The Dominican convent at Benfrica
- 192: By means of the monthly pensions of our boys
- 193: And to whom in my exile I desire to testify my gratitude
- 194: Religious venerated for their virtue
- 195: Armaments and subterranean galleries
- 196: But our reputed wealth was purely fabulous
- 197: Such is the truth of our wealth in Portugal
- 198: No human influence will avail for perseverance
- 199: Political and anti republican activity
- 200: Not one of my brethren took part in any electoral propaganda
- 201: That our influence is reactionary
- 202: Floreal and Floreal to Floreal
